Answer: Genetic equilibrium is a situation where allele frequencies in a gene pool are not changing. In other words, the population is not evolving. The conditions to maintain the genetic equilibrium are no mutation, no gene flow, large population size, random mating, and no natural selection. The equilibrium can be disrupted by deviations from any of its five main underlying conditions.
An example of this in humans would be a heterozygote for brown eye color. The person would carry both a dominant brown allele “A” and a recessive blue allele “a” yet have brown eyes. The dominant brown allele masks the recessive blue allele. Genetic equilibrium is the state in which allele frequencies remain constant.
