Answer:
Explanation:
The equation is given as:
CH3CHOHC2H4CHO + CH3OH --> CYCLIC ACETAL + H2O
This above equation is carried out in the presence of a strong acid. There are five mechanisms employed and they are:
Step 1:
Initial formation of the hemiacetal which takes several steps
Step 2:
Addition of a proton. The hemicetal is protonated on the hydroxyl group (-OH group)
Step 3:
As seen a bond is broken to give the H2O molecule and a resonance stabilized cation.
The carbonyl group on the cation is enriched with the oxygen-18 got from the H2O molecule as seen in the mechanism.
Step 4:
An attraction occurs between electrophile and nucleophile i.e the stabilised cation and the lone paids of the methanol.
Step 5:
Finally, a proton (+) is removed from the molecule by a lone pair of electron on the methanol.
Attached are the Steps 1 - 5 mechanism below
Answer:
It will take 
to exhaust the supply
Explanation:
We have to apply unitary method to solve this problem.
Divide total petroleum reserve by petroleum consumption in each year to calculate estimated time.
Presently, 
joules of petroleum are being consumed per year.
Hence, applying unitary method, 
joules of petroleum can be consumed in 
The total mole number of solutes will not change. So it is 25 * 10^-3 *4.525 mole. And the final volume is 25+112 = 137 mL. So the resulting concentration is mole number / volume=0.8257 M.
An adiabatic process is when the system is insulated that no heat is released to the surroundings. For this type of process, we have a derived formula written below:
(T₂/T₁)^C = (V₁/V₂)
where C = Cv/nR
From the complete problem shown in the attached picture, Cv = (3/2)R. Thus,
C= (3/2)/1 mol = 3/2
(T₂/305 K)^(3/2) = (8.5 L/82 L)
Solving for T₂,
<em>T₂ = 67.3 K</em>
The best answer among the choices listed is the third option. The rate over the course of a reaction <span>decreases because the concentration of reactants decreases. As the concentration of the reactants decreases, there is less particles to form the products therefore less rate.</span>
