4-hydroxypentanal reacts with one equivalent of methanol to form a cyclic acetal.
1 answer:
Answer:
Explanation:
The equation is given as:
CH3CHOHC2H4CHO + CH3OH --> CYCLIC ACETAL + H2O
This above equation is carried out in the presence of a strong acid. There are five mechanisms employed and they are:
Step 1:
Initial formation of the hemiacetal which takes several steps
Step 2:
Addition of a proton. The hemicetal is protonated on the hydroxyl group (-OH group)
Step 3:
As seen a bond is broken to give the H2O molecule and a resonance stabilized cation.
The carbonyl group on the cation is enriched with the oxygen-18 got from the H2O molecule as seen in the mechanism.
Step 4:
An attraction occurs between electrophile and nucleophile i.e the stabilised cation and the lone paids of the methanol.
Step 5:
Finally, a proton (+) is removed from the molecule by a lone pair of electron on the methanol.
Attached are the Steps 1 - 5 mechanism below
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Explanation:
The given data is as follows.
= 1.5 atm,
= 20 L,
= (28 + 273) K = 301 K
= 5 atm,
= ?,
= (50 + 273) K = 323 K
Formula to calculate the volume will be as follows.
=
Putting the given values into the above formula as follows.
=
=
= 0.64 L
Thus, we can conclude that the change in volume of the balloon will be 0.64 L.
Answer:
Total Kcal energy produced in the catabolism of mannoheptulose = 1184 Kcal
Explanation:
The molecular formula of mannoheptulose is C₇H₁₄O₇.
The structure is as shown in the attachment below.
Number of C-C bonds present in mannoheptulose = 6
Number of C-H bonds present in mannoheptulose = 8
Since the each C-C bond contains 76 Kcal of energy,
Amount of energy present in six C-C bonds = 6 * 76 = 456 Kcal
Also, since each C-H bond contains 91 Kcal of energy;
amount of energy present in eight C-H bonds = 8 * 91 = 728 Kcal
Total Kcal energy produced in the catabolism of mannoheptulose = 456 + 728 = 1184 Kcal
