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butalik [34]
3 years ago
14

4-hydroxypentanal reacts with one equivalent of methanol to form a cyclic acetal.

Chemistry
1 answer:
quester [9]3 years ago
4 0

Answer:

Explanation:

The equation is given as:

CH3CHOHC2H4CHO + CH3OH --> CYCLIC ACETAL + H2O

This above equation is carried out in the presence of a strong acid. There are five mechanisms employed and they are:

Step 1:

Initial formation of the hemiacetal which takes several steps

Step 2:

Addition of a proton. The hemicetal is protonated on the hydroxyl group (-OH group)

Step 3:

As seen a bond is broken to give the H2O molecule and a resonance stabilized cation.

The carbonyl group on the cation is enriched with the oxygen-18 got from the H2O molecule as seen in the mechanism.

Step 4:

An attraction occurs between electrophile and nucleophile i.e the stabilised cation and the lone paids of the methanol.

Step 5:

Finally, a proton (+) is removed from the molecule by a lone pair of electron on the methanol.

Attached are the Steps 1 - 5 mechanism below

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ArbitrLikvidat [17]

Answer:

Option B

Explanation:

Magnesium is an alkali earth metal and chlorine is a nonmetal. Due to this, and their differences in electronegativity, the elements form an ionic bond. Since magnesium has two valence electrons, it will give them up to two chlorine atoms (which has 7 valence electrons), which needs them to complete its octet. From this, magnesium forms a cation, and will have the ion formula Mg(2+). The two chlorine atoms form anions, and will have the ion formula Cl(1-).

Terms:

  • Cation: a positively charged ion
  • Anion: a negatively charge ion.
  • Electronegativity: the tendency of an atom in a molecule to attract the shared pair of electrons towards itself.
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What are the two types of stoichiometry?
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Two types of stoichiometry are; molar mass and coefficients from balanced equation.
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Which energy level has the most energy available to it?<br> 4<br> 3<br> 2<br> 1
aliya0001 [1]
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2 years ago
A 0.4647-g sample of a compound known to contain only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen was burned in oxygen to yield 0.01962 mol of
Stella [2.4K]

Answer:

See explanation.

Explanation:

Hello,

In this case, we can show how the empirical formula is found by following the shown below procedure:

1. Compute the moles of carbon in carbon dioxide as the only source of carbon at the products:

n_C=0.01962molCO_2*\frac{1molC}{1molCO_2} =0.01962molC

2. Compute the moles of hydrogen in water as the only source of hydrogen at the products:

n_H=0.01961molH_2O*\frac{2molH}{1molH_2O}=0.03922molH

3. Compute the mass of oxygen by subtracting the mass of both carbon and hydrogen from the 0.4647-g sample:

m_O=0.4647g-0.01962molC*\frac{12gC}{1molC}-0.03922molH*\frac{1gH}{1molH}  =0.1900gO

4. Compute the moles of oxygen by using its molar mass:

n_O=0.1900gO*\frac{1molO}{16gO}=0.01188molO

5. Divide the moles of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen by the moles of oxygen (smallest one) to find the subscripts in the empirical formula:

C=\frac{0.01962}{0.01188}=1.65\\ \\H=\frac{0.03922}{0.01188} =3.3\\\\O=\frac{0.01188}{0.01188} =1

6. Search for the closest whole number (in this case multiply by 2):

C_3H_6O_2

Moreover, the empirical formula suggests this compound could be carboxylic acid since it has two oxygen atoms, nevertheless, this is not true since the molar mass is 222.27 g/mol, therefore, we should compute the molar mass of the empirical formula, that is:

M=12*3+1*6+16*2=74g/mol

Which is about three times in the molecular formula, for that reason, the actual formula is:

C_9H_{18}O_6

It suggest that the compound has a highly oxidizing character due to the presence of oxygen, therefore, we cannot predict the distribution of the functional groups as it could contain, carboxyl, carbonyl, hydroxyl or even peroxi.

Best regards.

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I hope it’s what you need
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