Answer:
Explanation:
~OTC medications- pain relievers such as Tylenol, Ibuprofen, Advil, Motrin, cough drops, and Claritin 24H. All these OTC drugs are found on shelves in pharmacies, gas stations, and or grocery stores.
~Prescription medications- Vicodin, Simvastatin, Lisinopril, Levothyroxine, Azithromycin, and Metformin are the top ten drugs prescribed legally to help with any conditions you have.
~illegal drugs- Cannabis, Inhalants, Cocaine, Narcotics, Hallucinogens, and Amphetamines are all types of drugs that are not legally manufactured, bought or sold.
Answer:
b. The rats press the lever least when cocaine is presented.
Explanation:
Reinforcement or reward refers to the physiological processes by which a given behavior, such as drug use, becomes habitual. This occurs when neurons release the neurotransmitter dopamine to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) after drug use.
In tobacco, nicotine is the main component triggering of the reinforcement. Once inside the brain, nicotine activates nicotinic receptors, which in turn contributes to the reinforcement mechanism. Following repeated exposure to nicotine, a neuroadaptation process is established for some (but not all) effects of nicotine. Increased brain nAChRs (acetylcoline receptors) are observed in response to desensitization of these nicotine-mediated receptors. This desensitization can play an important role in the development of tolerance and dependence.
The fact that nicotine is a weak reinforcer, means that maybe the rat already had an neuroadaptation with this drug, not feeling anything with this drug anymore, and thats why he would prefer other drug, like cocaine, pressing the lever of nicotine less often.
Answer:
Lose weight: To lose weight, caloric input needs to decrease, and caloric output needs to increase?
Gain weight: To gain weight, caloric input needs to increase, and caloric output needs to decrease.
Answer
The steps of conducting a root cause analysis
<span>Create a team of members who fulfill several roles.</span>
