There are 2 types of transport mechanisms that involve the movement of materials across the cellular membrane:
1. Passive Transport Mechanisms which is the movement of materials that does not require energy. Instead the movement relies on the permeability of the cell. Under this are three kinds of passive transport mechanisms:
a. Simple Diffusion:
- the movement of materials from a region of higher concentration to lower concentration. No external energy is necessary for the movement. The materials supply the energy themselves.
b. Facilitated Diffusion:
- This differs from simple diffusion because the movement is facilitated by proteins that make up the structure of the membrane. The proteins include channel proteins that allow ions and smaller molecules to cross the membrane. The other protein are the carrier proteins, which bind to materials like sugar molecules and move it across the membrane.
c. Osmosis:
- This is the diffusion of water across the membrane. Osmosis moves water from regions where there are more water molecules of water per volume to regions where there are less water molecules per volume.
2. Active transport on the other hand is a movement mechanism that requires energy. It uses the energy to send materials against the direction it is coming from through simple diffusion. This mechanism is used in a way to keep unwanted ions or other materials out of the cell.
The correct answer is hyponatremia. This is also called water intoxication in athletes. Water is a substance that is devoid of any solutes and electrolytes. The major extracellular electrolyte sodium is present in the extracellular fluid and the plasma. In the event of increased water intake, the sodium in the plasma will be diluted hence will cause hyponatremia.
Hematuria, or BLOOD CLOTS IN THE URINE
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Answer:
25%
Explanation:
The female with brown teeth had a father with normal teeth. Since normal teeth is a recessive trait, the father would have been homozygous recessive for the trait and would have transmitted one recessive allele to the female. Therefore, the female is heterozygous dominant for brown teeth.
Let's assume that the allele for brown teeth is X^B while the one for normal teeth is X^b. The genotype of heterozygous dominant female would be X^BX^b and that of the male with normal teeth would be X^bY.
A cross between X^BX^b and X^bY gives progeny in following phenotype ratio= 1/4 daughter with brown teeth: 1/4 daughter with normal teeth: 1/4 son with brown teeth: 1/4 son with normal teeth. Therefore, the probability of having a daughter with brown teeth is = 25%
