<span>The solution of ethanol will have the greatest increase in boiling point.
The formula for boiling point elevation is:
ΔTb = Kb · bB
where
ΔTb = boiling point elevation
Kb = ebullioscopic constant for the solvent
bB = molarity of the solution
Since in the solute is nonionic, we don't have to worry about the molecules of the solute breaking up into multiple ions, thereby increasing the effective molarity of the solution. So which ever solvent has the highest ebullioscopic constant, will have the greatest increase in boiling point. This constant can be calculated by the equation:
Kb = RTb^2M/ΔHv
where
R = Ideal gas constant
Tb = boiling point of pure solvent
M = Molar mass of solvent
ΔHv = heat of vaporization per mole of solvent
For our purposes, we can ignore the idea gas constant, and instead look at only the boiling point, molar mass, and heat of vaporization. Then calculate Tb^2M/ΔHv So let's do so:
(Note: Not bothering to be precise in molar mass. If the end result is close, then I'll bother. Otherwise, just using nice round numbers).
Water
Boiling point: 373.15 K
Molar mass: 18 g/mol
heat of vaporization: 40660 J/mol
Tb^2M/ΔHv: 61.64
Ethanol
Boiling point: 351.52 K
Molar mass: 46 g/mol
heat of vaporization: 38600 J/mol
Tb^2M/ΔHv: 147.26
The value of Tb^2M/ΔHv is significantly greater for ethanol than it is for water (by more than 2 to 1), so it will have the greatest increase in boiling point.</span>
Answer:
Minimizing repulsion by maximizing the bond angles
Explanation:
VSEPR is defined as 'valence shell electron pair repulsion' theory. The key principle is that repulsion of adjacent lone pairs of electrons or the electrons that are shared within a bond creates bond angles.
The bond angles are maximized in order to minimize the repulsion in the most stable geometrical shape of the molecule.
That said, in VSEPR theory we tend to achieve the greatest possible angles between the bonds and lone pair electrons in order to obtain the lowest repulsion between them.
Answer:
Evaporation process
Explanation:
The evaporation process is responsible for the increase in the concentration of salt in the oceans or seawater.
Within the ocean there are certain places where there occurs little or no rainfall. The temperature in this region is relatively high and dry, due to which there occurs the process of evaporation. Because of the absence of rainfall, the rate of evaporation is higher in this region compared to the rate of precipitation. So when this process takes place, it eliminates the water quantity present in it, resulting in the formation of salts.
The salinity of the ocean increases because of the high rate of evaporation of the ocean water as well as forming of the sea ice.
Endothermic because it 'sucks' the energy and that's why temperature drops
Molecular formula of sulfur trioxide is SO₃
Molar mass of SO₃ is - 32 + (16 x 3 ) = 80 g/mol
1 mol of any substance consists of 6.022 x 10²³ units. In 1 mol of SO₃ there are 6.022 x 10²³ molecules of SO₃
in 80 g of SO₃ - there are 6.022 x 10²³ molecules of SO₃
Therefore in 78 g of SO₃ - there are 6.022 x 10²³ /80 x 78 = 5.871 x 10²³ SO₃ molecules
