The correct option is HUMANISTIC THEORY OF MOTIVATION.
This theory is based on the fact that humans have basic needs, which must be met. The basic physiological needs of man include food, water, shelter and clothing. One needs money to secure all these needs. Thus financial security is one of the component of humanistic theory of motivation.<span />
Dr. Newsome has to describe the operational definition of birth order and SHYNESS.
Before a scientist can carry out an experiment, he must identify all his variables and each of these variable must have an operational definition. Operational definition refers to the application of operations that will be used to define each variable.
Dr. Ainsworth appears to take a psychodynamic perspective on personality
This is of course a very complex question that does not have a definitive answer, but 1850s would be a good decade to start counting as "Modern". This was a decade of the telegraph and Darwin's The Origin of Species.
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