Its basic cause was a dynastic quarrel that originated when the conquest of England by William of Normandy created a state lying on both sides of the English Channel. In the 14th cent. the English kings held the duchy of Guienne in France; they resented paying homage to the French kings, and they feared the increasing control exerted by the French crown over its great feudal vassals. The immediate causes of the Hundred Years War were the dissatisfaction of Edward III of England with the nonfulfillment by Philip VI of France of his pledges to restore a part of Guienne taken by Charles IV; the English attempts to control Flanders, an important market for English wool and a source of cloth; and Philip's support of Scotland against England.
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Norman Schwarzkopf was a general in the Gulf War
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Racism in the past was a lot worse, starting by the fact that during an important amount of time, minority populations were either enslaved, or subjected to serfdom, or obliged to live in remote reservations and robbed of their lands. There were also lynching's, segregations in public and private places like schools, restaurants, and buses. Treatment was often unequal under the law, and job and education opportunities were less.
Racism in the present still exists, and it is still a problem, especially because if often manifests itself in ways that are not so apparent. However, it is undeniable that a great degree of progress has been made in this matter in recent decades.
Alantic, Black sea, Indian, Irish, and North
