Membranes are held together by hydrophobic interactions
Proteins and lipids can move around laterally on one layer but rarely flip to the other side
Some move along the cytoskeleton fibers
Membrane remains fluid as temperature decreases until the phospholipids settle into a closely packed arrangement
Membrane remains fluid longer if there are more phospholipids with unsaturated hydrocarbon tails
Separated more because of the kinks in the tails
Cholesterol
At higher temperatures, it makes the membrane less fluid
Restrains phospholipid movement
Lowers the temperature required for membranes to solidify because they are packed less tightly
Temperature buffer
Answer choices are:
A. Pollution
B. Dams
C. Flooding
D. All of the above
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Correct answer choice is :
D) All of the above
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Explanation:
Sulfur dioxide and nitrogenous oxide released from industries and power plants infiltrate river ways by acidic rainfall. Sewerage and effluent are released into rivers in some regions. Pollution can decrease the pH of the water, attacking all organisms from algae to vertebrates. Biodiversity reduces with reducing pH.
Embryo sac , and other three degenerate !
Bond energy, we just went over this in class not to long ago.
