Answer:
20.1%
Explanation:
In capital asset prcing model (CAPM), cost of equity (or cost of retained earnings in this context) is calculated as below:
<em>Cost of equity = risk-free rate of return + beta x (market index return - risk-free rate of return)</em>
Please note that <em>(market index return - risk-free rate of return)</em> is equal to <em>market risk premium</em>
Putting all the number together, we have:
Cost of equity/retained earnings = 2.5% + 2.2 x 8% = 20.1%
<em>Note: The dividend growth rate, tax rate & stock standard deviation is not relevant in answering the question.</em>
A countertrade is a form of trading arrangement in which part or all of the payment for purchased goods or services is in the form of other goods and services.
Barter transactions can be among non-public events, among a non-public party and a sovereign state,' or between sovereign international locations." The countertrade transaction includes a parallel set of duties in which the parties ever undertake to sell items or era to the other in separate however related transactions.
The not unusual function of counter-change preparations is that export income to a particular market is made conditional upon undertakings to simply accept imports from that marketplace. for instance, an exporter can also promote machinery to USA X in a situation where he accepts agricultural merchandise from X for a fee.
A countertrade approach targets temporary corrections in a trending security fee motion to profit. The method involves buying/promoting security that has skilled an impulsive bearish/bullish flow within the hopes that a corrective move higher/decrease will permit them to sell/buy it back at that better/lower fee.
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Answer:
balance sheet, income statement, statement of cash flows, and the statement of changes in stockholders' equity.
Explanation:
Financial accounting is an accounting technique used for analyzing, summarizing and reporting of financial transactions like sales costs, purchase costs, payables and receivables of an organization using standard financial guidelines such as Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). Examples of financial statements includes Balance sheet, cash-flow and income statement.
Financial statements can be defined as a document used for the formal communication or disclosure of financial information and statements to present and potential users such as investors and creditors. These includes balance sheet, statement of retained earnings and income statement.
An auditor refers to an authorized individual who review, examine and verify the authenticity and accuracy of business financial records or transactions.
Thus, an audit of historical financial statements most commonly includes the balance sheet, income statement, statement of cash flows, and the statement of changes in stockholders' equity.
