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riadik2000 [5.3K]
2 years ago
13

Nuclear hormone receptors form a complex with their ligands, other proteins, and DNA control elements in order to regulate the e

xpression of specific genes. These nuclear hormone receptors have four principal domains. Categorize each trait according to the appropriate nuclear hormone receptor domain with which it is associated.
Biology
1 answer:
ArbitrLikvidat [17]2 years ago
5 0

Answer:

Explanation:

Nuclear receptors are a type of protein that functions as an intracellular steroid and thyroid hormone receptor. The interaction of these hormones in conjunction with nuclear receptors changes the pattern of gene expression, allowing certain genes to be transcribed while others are silenced.

As a consequence, unique mRNA translation products, proteins, and, in most cases, enzymes are generated. Nuclear receptors connect to DNA directly and control the expression of certain genes, regulating the organisms growth, homeostasis, and metabolism.

The following domains are found in a normal nuclear receptor:

The amino-terminal activation domain contains the transcriptional activation mechanism and is strongly variable in sequence (AF1). The recruiting of coregulators is the domains key feature.

⇒ Activation function 1 (AF1); Coregulator recruitment

DNA binding domain: It is amongst the most closely conserved centrally located domains, with two zinc fingers that attach to specific DNA sequences known as hormone reaction components (HRE).

⇒ nine conserved cysteine residues; zinc finger domain; center of the receptor.

The hiinge domain serves as a versatile connection between the DNA binding and ligand-binding domains. It has a nuclear localization signal in it. ⇒ Nuclear localization signal

Ligand binding domain:  The sequence of the ligand-binding domain is moderately conserved throughout nuclear receptors. It denotes the carboxyl-terminal end of a ligand domain. It has hydrophobic steroid-binding pockets that draw the hormone and AF2 activation domains. It also attaches to proteins that serve as coactivators and corepressors.

⇒ binding of corepressor proteins;  steroid-binding hydrophobic pocket; AF2 activation domain; binds coactivators; carboxyl-terminal end

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Excitatory neurotransmitters cause the neuron to fire, and Inhibitory neurotransmitters cause the neuron not to fire.

Impulses are the signals passed from one neuron to another on the action of a stimulus. The impulses passed can be electrical or chemical. Neurotransmitters are the chemical molecules that help in the transfer of impulses between two neurons.

Chemicals like epinephrine, norepinephrine, and glutamate when released from the synaptic cleft of one neuron activate the receptors of other neurons, thereby initiating the other neuron to fire. These chemicals are called excitatory neurotransmitters.

Chemicals like GABA and glycine, when released from the synaptic cleft of one neuron do not activate the receptors of other neurons and hence the neurons will not fire the impulse. These chemicals are called inhibitory neurotransmitters.

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1 year ago
The dna in linear eukaryotic chromosomes is wrapped around proteins called _____________, which keep the dna from getting tangle
Ray Of Light [21]
The Dna in linear eukaryotic chromosomes is swrapped around protein called histones.
8 0
3 years ago
Fill in the blanks:
Olenka [21]

Answer:

1. metagenomics_the study of all of the genetic material of all organisms in a particular habitat.

2. transcriptomics_the study of all of the RNA produced by an organism.

3. proteomics_the study of all of the proteins produced by an organism.

4. metabolomic_the study of all intermediates and small molecules produced by reactions within an organism.

5. genomics_the study of the entire genetic makeup of an organism.

Explanation:

3 0
2 years ago
10. A covalent bond forms between two<br> DLL
ASHA 777 [7]

Answer:

A covalent bond forms between two Nonmetals!

Explanation:

A covalent bond always forms between the electrons of two Nonmetals.

hope it helps!

5 0
3 years ago
At the molecular level, gene duplication often produces novelty in a lineage. This process provides another evolutionary pathway
alukav5142 [94]

Answer:

Bridgham et al. (2006) showed that the interaction between a steroid hormone (aldosterone-M) and its receptor (mineralocorticoid) evolved by Darwinian gradualism. In this work, the authors demonstrated  a primitive affinity between the hormone and its receptor that was initially present in chemically similar but more ancient ligands. This result has implications in understanding the association between gene duplication and the evolution of hormone signaling pathways. For example, in invertebrates, this work reinforces the importance of gene duplication in the existing interaction between paralogous glucocorticoid receptors and their receptor mineralocorticoid genes that were derived from duplication (Thornton 2001).

The publications above cited are the following:

J.T. Bridgham, S.M. Carroll, and J.W. Thornton (2006). Evolution of hormone-receptor complexity by molecular exploitation. Science, 312(5770), 97-101.

JW Thornton. Evolution of vertebrate steroid receptors from an ancestral estrogen receptor by ligand exploitation and serial genome expansions, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (PNAS), 2001, vol. 98 10 (pg. 5671-5676).

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2 years ago
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