Absence of oxygen means anaerobic respiration ; which has 2 different pathways.
First Pathway ; Alcoholic fermentation which takes place in yeast.
Pyruvate is decarboxylated into ethanal releasing co2 as waste product.
Ethanal is toxic , so its reduced by help of NADH to ethanol in presence of alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme , and Free NAD is released to continue glycolysis.
2) The second pathway is Lactic fermentation which takes place in mammalian muscles.
Pyruvate accepts hydrogen and is converted to lactate by the help of enzyme lactate dehydrogenase , again free NAD is released to continue glycolysis.
Hope I made it clear enough :)
Answer:
the second one is the correct one
The theory is the Continental drift, the super-continent is called the Pangaea.
There are many benefits provided by biodiversity. It can be in our biological resources, ecosystem services and also social benefits. The three social benefits provided by biodiversity would be the following:
1. Research, education and monitoring
2. Recreation & tourism
3. Cultural values
Explanation:
Biodiversity is “the variability among existing animals from all causes including temporal, marine and other aquatic ecosystems, and the environmental complex.
Pollinators, including bees and butterflies, contribute meaningful environmental and economic advantages to agricultural and essential ecosystems, including adding heterogeneity and productivity to food crops. As many as one-third of the world's food production relies directly or indirectly on insect pollination.
The correct answer is E. Vertebrates are all related to a common ancestor
Explanation:
According to biology and evolution, organisms from different species but that share similarities in morphology (body structures) as well as in genetics often have a phylogenetic relationship which means they descend from the same organism or share a common ancestor. This applies to multiple taxonomical levels including classes such as mammals or birds as it has been proved each of this derived from a common ancestor. Therefore, the similarity in the body structure (morphology) in all mammals suggest vertebrates are related to a common ancestor and as they evolved from this, they share similarities not only in terms of morphology but also in genetics.
