Human evolution
Human evolution is the lengthy process of change by which people originated from apelike ancestors. Scientific evidence shows that the physical and behavioral traits shared by all people originated from apelike ancestors and evolved over a period of approximately six million years.
One of the earliest defining human traits, bipedalism -- the ability to walk on two legs -- evolved over 4 million years ago. Other important human characteristics -- such as a large and complex brain, the ability to make and use tools, and the capacity for language -- developed more recently. Many advanced traits -- including complex symbolic expression, art, and elaborate cultural diversity -- emerged mainly during the past 100,000 years.
Humans are primates. Physical and genetic similarities show that the modern human species, Homo sapiens, has a very close relationship to another group of primate species, the apes. Humans and the great apes (large apes) of Africa -- chimpanzees (including bonobos, or so-called “pygmy chimpanzees”) and gorillas -- share a common ancestor that lived between 8 and 6 million years ago. Humans first evolved in Africa, and much of human evolution occurred on that continent. The fossils of early humans who lived between 6 and 2 million years ago come entirely from Africa.
Most scientists currently recognize some 15 to 20 different species of early humans. Scientists do not all agree, however, about how these species are related or which ones simply died out. Many early human species -- certainly the majority of them – left no living descendants. Scientists also debate over how to identify and classify particular species of early humans, and about what factors influenced the evolution and extinction of each species.
Early humans first migrated out of Africa into Asia probably between 2 million and 1.8 million years ago. They entered Europe somewhat later, between 1.5 million and 1 million years. Species of modern humans populated many parts of the world much later. For instance, people first came to Australia probably within the past 60,000 years and to the Americas within the past 30,000 years or so. The beginnings of agriculture and the rise of the first civilizations occurred within the past 12,000 years.
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A:similar animal fossils found in South America and Africa
The adaptive advantage of a fungus producing and secreting a bacterial inhibitor would be that it protects against microbial competitors: is an extensive surface area well suited for invasive growth and absorptive nutrition.
Fungus
A fungus is any eukaryotic organism that includes microbes like yeasts and moulds, as well as the more recognisable mushrooms. These organisms are classed as a kingdom distinct from the other eukaryotic kingdoms, which include Plantae, Animalia, Protozoa, and Chromista in one traditional taxonomy.
The presence of chitin in fungi's cell walls distinguishes them from plants, bacteria, and some protists. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they obtain nourishment by absorbing dissolved molecules, usually by secreting digestive enzymes into their surroundings.
Fungi, like plants, use chemical defence, which involves the creation of poisons that affect the growth, development, or viability of the antagonists.
To learn more about fungus
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Answer:
They are necessary for co-ordination.
Explanation:
The both systems brings about co-ordination, thought there are some basic differences between them. Many organs in an animals system have organs to carry out activities like locomotion, digestion, respiration and excretion. The activities of each organ system must be co-ordinated with those of other systems; and with conditions in the external and internal environments of the animal.
Unlike the endocrine system, the nervous system works rapidly. Messages are carried mainly as electric impulses along nerves triggering immediate response from target organs.
The hypothalamus is the important link between these two systems.
