Answer for the second
'Released from foreign war, we would probably be plunged into all the misery of anarchy and intestine war. Can we suppose that the people of the south, would submit to having the seat of Empire at Philadelphia, or New England; or that the people oppressed by a change of government, contrasting their misery with their former happy state, would not invite Britain to reassume the sovereignty.” — James Chalmers, Plain Truth, 1776
If the one above is the argument, you might consider that the colonists did obtain independence from England. That by itself was something that Chalmers always thought to be impossible without serious repercussions. He used to say that in the case of achieving freedom, America would just end up being attacked and maybe even colonized by some other country. What happened, thought, was that after the revolution, other countries gained respect for America as an opponent and the country was eventually left to be.
Yes.
A growing civilization needs to expand its territory to increase agriculture and influence.
Answer:
France also extended its influence in North Africa after 1870, establishing a protectorate in Tunisia in 1881 with the Bardo Treaty. Gradually, French control crystallised over much of North, West, and Central Africa by around the start of the 20th century (including the modern states of Mauritania, Senegal, Guinea, Mali, Ivory Coast, Benin, Niger, Chad, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Cameroon, the east African coastal enclave of Djibouti (French Somaliland), and the island of Madagascar).
Explanation:
In contrast to mechanical waves, electromagnetic waves can travel without a medium. This implies that electromagnetic waves can pass not only through solid objects like air and rock but also through empty space.
James Clerk Maxwell, a Scottish scientist, created a scientific theory to explain electromagnetic waves in the 1860s and 1870s. He realized that electromagnetic waves can be created when magnetic and electrical fields combine together. He compiled this electricity-magnetism relationship into what are now known as "Maxwell's Equations."
German physicist Heinrich Hertz used Maxwell's theories to explain how radio waves are transmitted and received. In honour of Heinrich Hertz, the hertz, or one cycle per second, is the unit of radio wave frequency. Two issues were resolved by his radio wave experiment. First, he had proven that the speed of radio waves was the same as the speed of light, which was something Maxwell had only theorized.
This demonstrated how radio waves are a type of light. Second, Hertz discovered how to create electromagnetic waves by causing the electric and magnetic fields to separate from wires.
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