The answer is catastrophism.
Catastrophism is a theory explaining that the Earth has been affected by sudden catastrophes which created its geological features. Some of the proposed catastrophes is a global flood followed by an uplifting of some rock which happened sudden, in a short period of time. It is opposite theory to uniformitarianism which explains that the Earth was formed in slow changes.
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It's winter in your area. (b)
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In most trees, the area just under the bark layer contains moisture in the form of sap and water. And since water is a better electrical conductor than wood, lightning striking a tree tends to travel just underneath the bark.
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Homologous structures provide evidence for common ancestry, while analogous structures show that similar selective pressures can produce similar adaptations (beneficial features). Similarities and differences among biological molecules (e.g., in the DNA sequence of genes) can be used to determine species' relatedness.
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