There were many ways in which early Muslims viewed and treated Jews and Christians, but mostly it was with tolerance, except on the outskirts of the empire.
The official power to make legal decisions and judgements
1. The Inuit live in the Arctic regions of North America, a very inhospitable environment. This community faces the problem of living in a tundra climate, constantly covered by snow and ice. However, they have developed innovative methods of transportation and housing.
The Inuit developed the kayak to travel through the icy water and for hunting. They also developed dog sleds, which allowed them to travel on land.
In terms of housing, they developed the igloo (a temporary shelter made from snow) to live during the winter, and the tupiq (a tent made out of animal skin).
2. The Northeastern cultures of the U. S. found an innovative way to reduce conflict, of which they suffered constantly, in the form of the Iroquois Confederacy.
The Confederacy was created in 1142 by the Great Peacemaker (<em>Deganawida</em>). It brought together five nations of the southern Great Lakes area into the “Great League of Peace.” The Iroquois remained an undivided political unit until the Revolutionary War.
