Answer:
1. The difference between the normal hemoglobin protein DNA sequence and the sickle cell hemoglobin DNA sequence is a base to base shift, in this case adenine (GAG) to thymine (GTG).
2. The difference affects the amino acid sequence of the protein by replacing glutamic acid (Glu) with valine (Val).
Explanation:
In sickle cell anemia, a change in the DNA nucleotide sequence is observed, where adenine is substituted by thymine, whose expression is the change in the amino acid sequence of globine β, incorporating valine instead of glutamic acid. This represents a molecular mutation - point mutation - by subtitution, which corresponds to missense mutation.
<u>Normal hemoglobin protein in a RBC</u>
DNA CTG ACT CCT GAG GAG AAG TCT
Amino acids Leu Thr Pro Glu Glu Lys Ser
<u>Sickle cell hemoglobin protein in a RBC</u>
DNA CTG ACT CCT <em>GTG</em> GAG AAG TCT
Amino acids Leu Thr Pro <em>Val</em> Glu Lys Ser
When GAG is transcribed to mRNA, the CUC codon is obtained, which codes for glutamic acid. Thymine substitution causes the DNA sequence to change to GTG, which is transcribed as CAC, the codon that encodes the amino acid valine. The <u>change from glutamic acid to valine in β-globin causes an altered hemoglobin, giving the abnormal erythrocytes observed in sickle cell disease</u>.
The formula for hydrate indicates the number of water molecules that are attached to each formula unit of the compound. Forexample, nickel (II) sulfate hexahydrate is a green/blue solid that has six water molecules included in the crystal foreach Ni2+and each SO42-ion.Many common minerals are
<h3>What is a hydrate ?</h3>
Any compound containing water in the form of H2O molecules, usually, but not always, with a definite content of water by weight.
- The best-known hydrates are crystalline solids that lose their fundamental structures upon removal of the bound water.
- Hydrates are formed when water and light end natural gases come into contact at certain temperature and pressure conditions
Learn more about Hydrates here:
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Answer:
Star Creek is flowing from East to West, that is because the creek is small and has just begun to form as an extension of the Cayuta Creek.
Explanation:
A patient who suffer visual
agnosia will probably show an inability to identify or recognize common objects
in a plain view and they cannot interpret visual information. This is due to
the damage in anterior cortex like the temporal lobes and posterior occipital
of the brain. Additionally, visual agnosia is diagnosed by assessing the
patient’s ability to name and describe the use of visually presented objects
