Answer:
The movement of glucose across the cell membrane through facilitated diffusion one of the form of passive transport because it does not require the energy to transport the glucose molecule across the cell membrane and the transport is along the concentration gradient.
In facilitated diffusion the passage of molecules if facilitated by a carrier protein or a channel protein. The rate of transport of molecules in facilitated diffusion is greater than simple diffusion.
Through facilitated diffusion, some polar and charged molecules can cross the cell membrane without the expense of energy.
Answer:
The correct insulin pathway is described as under:
2. Binding of insulin to the alpha subunit of the insulin receptor
8. Activation of insulin receptor tyrosine kinase
3. Phosphorylation of IRS proteins
6. Phosphorylation of phosphinositide 3-kinase (PI-3K)
4. Conversion of PIP2 to PIP3
7. Activation of PIP3-dependent protein kinase B (PDK1)
5. Glut4 receptors transported to the cell membrane
Explanation:
The insulin signaling pathway is described as under:
RTK (receptor tyrosine kinases) which is a receptor for insulin is an extracellular receptor but in contrast to other cell surface receptors it is catalytic in nature. In the absence of insulin (ligand), it is monomeric but as soon as it gets activated (activation occurs upon ligand binding), it undergo dimerization. It leads to auto-phosphorylation in it's tyrosine residue which subsequently leads to phosphorylation of tyrosine residue of other receptors. Such hyper-phosphorylated receptor have high affinity with enzyme/molecule like IRS protein which have SH2 domain . IRS down stream activates phosphinositide 3-kinase (PI-3K). This enzyme converts component of animal cell membrane PIP2 into PIP3. PIP3 also remains membrane bound but it has the potential to phosphorylate another enzyme named as PIP3-dependent protein kinase B (PDK1). Further, PDK1 leads to the activation of Akt or PK-B. Akt is a serine-threonine kinase which ultimately leads to the recruitment of Glut4 receptors on cell membrane for uptake of more and more glucose into the cell.
Note: Apart from this Akt also phosphorylates another protein named as FOXO which ultimately causes cell growth, Akt can also phosphorylate BAD protein so as to restrict cell apoptosis or we can say it leads to cell survival, Akt also leads to translation in a cell with the help of mTOR raptor etc.
The answer is Chromosome
A chromosome is a Deoxyribonucleic acid molecule with part or all of the genetic material of an organism.
- R3KTFORGOOD ☕
The right answer is reticulocyte.
The reticulocyte is the cell preceding the erythrocyte stage in erythropoiesis. He is almost like her.
Reticulocytes are young red blood cells that still have ribosomes and mitochondria, but no peroxisomes. They are therefore capable of a fairly intense metabolism and they still actively synthesize hemoglobin.
