The five-steps that are conceived by Darley and Latane refer to the five-steps of decision-making that the individual will go through in a situation where someone needs help. If all five-steps are undergone by the individual, than <u>bystander effect will not occur and the person will provide her or his aid to the person in need</u>. But if the individual stops at any one of these steps, he or she will not provide his or her aid and thus bystander effect will happen.
Thus the answer to the blank space is all.
for plato I think it is option D.
According to the explanation: the BCC or blind carbon copy field also enables you to send a copy of your message to one or more people. However, by using BCC, the recipient’s name and email address is not visible to other recipients of the message.
<h2>
Answer:</h2>
Punishment (in behavior modification) appropriate to use immediately after a behavior, punishment is more likely to lead to a reduction in behavior if it immediately follows the behavior.
<h2><u>
Harmful effects :</u></h2><h3><u>Elicitation of undesirable emotional response and aggression :</u> </h3>
1) Punishment especially positive punishment in the form of aversive stimulation , may evoke aggressive behaviour with respondent and operant components.
2) Aggressive behavior following punishment that occurs because it has enabled the person to escape the aversive stimulation in the past is referred to as sperant aggression.
<h3><u>Escape and Avoidance :</u></h3>
1) Natural reactions to aversive stimulation.
2) As the intensity of the punisher increases , so does the likelihood of escape and avoidance.
3) Can be minimized by providing alternative responses that come into contact with reinforcement and avoid the punisher.
