Energy coupling is the transfer of energy from the energy forming step to the biomolecule forming step. The energy forming step is called catabolism wherein the complex molecules are broken down and releasing energy. The energy produced is then used the process called anabolism which produces biomolecules such as proteins.
Answer:
A class system is a more smooth system, caste is more of a system that changes consistently.
Explanation:
"Class system is typically more fluid than the caste system or the other types of stratification and the boundaries between classes are never clear-cut. Caste system is static whereas the class system is dynamic. ... In the caste system, individual mobility from one caste to another is impossible."
Crusts and uppermost mantle
Explanation:
Organisms don’t have to only reproduce sexually or only reproduce asexually - some animals do both!
When conditions are good, such organisms will reproduce asexually because it is easier. For example, starfish (by fragmentation), slime molds, and water fleas/daphnia (by parthenogenesis) all reproduce asexually when there is plenty of food, minimal predators, and not too much crowding of individuals of the same species.
When conditions worsen (less food, too many individuals, etc), they may switch to sexual reproduction in order to add genetic variation to their population and ensure survival through difficult times.
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