A mechanism by which cancer cells can evade an immune response involves an alteration in the amount of MIC on the cell surface b
y _________. Group of answer choices cleavage of MIC at the cell surface by a protease decreasing the level of MIC transcription switching from a transmembrane form of MIC to a secreted form cytosolic degradation of MIC in proteasomes alternative mRNA splicing resulting in a truncated form of MIC that is no longer able to bind to NKG2D
The immune system refers to a complex network of cells and proteins that function to eliminate potentially tumorigenic cells on a daily basis. However, cancer cells show mechanisms in order to escape immune responses. MHC class I chain-related proteins A and B (MICA and MICB) are expressed in normal and tumorigenic cells where they act as ligands of the NKG2D receptor. The expression level of these proteins (MICA and MICB) is finely regulated by the activity of metalloproteinases (i.e., by protease-mediated cleavage), but this mechanism is altered in cancer cells. Recently, drug therapies that stimulate NKG2D mediated tumor destruction by reducing the cleavage of MICA and MICB from the surface of cancer cells have been developed.
The genetic code is required for the production of proteins with exception of some few mitochondrial proteins. The transfer RNA (tRNA) acts as an adaptor that enables to associate a messenger RNA trinucleotide sequence (known as anticodon) with its corresponding amino acid in the polypeptididic chain. The genetic code is considered to be a biochemical system capable of revealing the information contained in the DNA in order to synthetize a protein, which has been encrypted in the form of three nucleotides (i.e., codons).
Genes are segments of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that contain the code for a specific protein that functions in one or more types of cells in the body. Chromosomes are structures within cells that contain a person's genes. Genes are contained in chromosomes, which are in the cell nucleus.
