Answer: Object permanence
Explanation: Object permanence refers to the mental ability of a child to know or belief that an object continue to exist even when they can no longer be heard, seen or felt. At the very early stage of a child, they seem to belief that once an object can no longer be heard or seen, then such objects has seized to exist. Such that when an object is hidden from a child view or taken out of sight, they belief such object has disappeared because they lack the mental ability to realize that maybe the object was hidden or kept away from them.
Miranda has learned to improve her tennis due to observational learning which is also called social learning. It is a theory that occurs when a beholder’s behavior become different after viewing or observing the behavior of his/her model. He/she can be affected by the positive or negative outcome-called indirect or derivative reinforcement or punishment.
Answer: anticipatory socialization
Explanation: Anticipatory socialization is a method of familiarizing yourself with the social norms of a group of people you hope to join in the future through social interactions. The goal of anticipatory socialization is to fit in better when you do eventually join the group. People practice it because they realize that their new role may require some behavioral changes and they want to be aware of these so as to be prepared to handle the changes.
Answer:
a. differential reinforcement of incompatible behaviors
Explanation:
Differential reinforcement of incompatible behaviors is an approach that involves replacing a problem behavior with a positive behavior by reinforcing and stimulating a positive behavior that cannot be exhibited the same time with the problem behavior. Differential reinforcement of incompatible behaviors works well especially in cases of people having autism spectrum disorder (ASD) where the individual engages in problem behaviors that inflict injury on the individual.
From the question above, the therapist uses the differential reinforcement of incompatible behaviors approach, as he uses praise as a reinforcement to increase the frequency at which Zander chews gum or sticks out his tongue, as these behaviors cannot occur together with the behavior of biting of lips. Chewing of gum, sticking out of tongues are reinforced in order to replace the biting of lips with them.
Answer:
Inefficient control processes
Explanation:
Controlled processing is a type of process that is flexible and require attention and effort when performing activities. Controlled processing usually demand reflection and memory research and is intentionally done during consciousness that is thinking and making decisions. Inefficient control processes include not being able to pay attention, daydreaming while performing an activity.
