This phase is metaphase, and you can remember this by seeing the m means middle.
The chromosomal combination allows for each sex cell that is going to be produced to have different DNA combinations, allowing for the offspring to be not only different from the parents, but also allows for genetic diversity.
What you see
What you feel
What you hear
Anything taken with your senses
I believe the answer would be d
Do you mean by-product? Because in that case no. Oxygen is not a by-product of the Krebs Cycle, but Carbon Dioxide is.