Answer:
An increase in membrane thickness
Explanation:
Gaseous exchange occurs in relation to Fick's Law which states:
'the rate of diffusion is proportional to both the surface area and concentration difference and is inversely proportional to the thickness of the membrane
Therefore, based on this law, an increase in the thickness of the membrane will result in a decreased diffusion rate which will in turn slow down the process of gaseous exchange
Answer:
Neurotransmitters are endogenous chemicals that are released by axon terminals of neurons into the synaptic junctions and act locally to control nerve cell functions.
•Imbalance of neurotransmitters such as serotonin,norepinephrine and dopamine have been linked with depression.
•Abnormal levels of neurotransmitter glutamate leads to changes in the level of Dopamine which can cause transition into psychosis.Dopamine has been implicated as possible cause of schizophrenia.
•Several transmitters are involved in analgesia system (pain suppression),especially involved are enkephalin and serotonin. When Serotonin are released and this causes local cord neurons ti secrete enkephalin,which is believed to cause both presynaptic and postsynaptic inhibition of pain fibres.
•Parkinson's disease also known as paralysis agitans results from widespread destruction of that portion of substantia nigra that sends dopamine-secreting nerve fibres to caudate nucleus and putamen this leads to decrease in dopamine.
•Acetylcholine is responsible brain arousal and muscle contraction.
Hollow lightweight bones benefit the bird by letting it fly. If the bird had regular bones like any other animal, then the bird wouldn't have the ability to be able to fly due to the extra weight.
Negative feedback, because sweating can decrease body temperature.
