Replacing lysine with aspartic acid is really a change in the primary structure (the sequence of the amino acids - think in a chain). But because they are really different amino acids, the effect is much more profound and will affect the tertiary structure of the protein.
Lysine has a basic, positively charged side chain. Aspartic acid has a negatively charged carboxyl group for its side chain. So, they are two very different amino acids.
Since the tertiary structure of a protein is a result of the interactions of the various interactions of the amino acid side chains, you have to think about what a swap of a basic positive amino acid with a negatively charged amino acid could cause.
For example, if the lysine side chain interacted in ionic interactions (i.e. attraction to a negatively charged amino acid), if you swap it for aspartic acid which is negatively charged it will now repel the other amino acid's side chain and that would disrupt the tertiary structure of the protein. It would also likely cause disruption to the quaternary structure as well.
If this change was in an important part of the protein (e.g. the active site of an enzyme) then it would likely disrupt the proper functioning of this protein.
If you wanted to make the least amount of change to a protein by making a mutation to that lysine amino acid, you would choose other basic amino acids which are histidine and arginine.
Answer:
Options (d)
Explanation:
Mass percentage of a solution is the mass of solute present in 100 grams.
Mass by mass percentage = <u>Mass of solute </u>x 100
Mass of solution
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The carrying capacity is the maximum size of some population. It represents the number of animals that can live, reproduce, survive in the given area regarding the indefinite sustainability of this area in terms of resources (food, water, habitat, etc.). When animals are introduced into some area, the resources are abundant. But, as the number of animals in the population grows, the resources reduces. Once the population reaches the carrying capacity the growth of population will stop (on the graph in the year 2002). With reduced resources, the competition for resources will increase, and also, animals are more prone to predators and diseases. All of this will decrease population size for a bit (on the graph year 2003).
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