Answer:
8. D
9. A
10. A
11. C
12. D
Explanation:
8. Natural selection works on variation that exists in the genes of organisms. Antelopes who have genetic variation that makes their legs more muscular are at an advantage because they can outrun predators. This increases the chance that they will reach reproductive age, and be able to pass this advantageous trait onto their offspring. Over time, this selection pressure makes the variant more common in a population.
9. Beneficial traits are those that give a selective advantage. This could be one that helps it outrun predators (like above), avoid illness and death, gives it a reproductive advantage (i.e. more attractive to mates), or makes it better able to digest certain foods, for example. The formation of cancer cells would be harmful for an organism, reducing its fitness and perhaps leading to death. The inability to reproduce would mean genetic info is not passed on to the next generation, and stopping the production of an essential protein would likely lead to death. However, resistance to a virus would help an organism avoid illness and death, improving fitness.
10. Genotypes are what organisms inherit from their parents, i.e. the genetic information that is passed on. However, the way in which different alleles interact and are expressed is the phenotype. If we take the above example, natural selection is acting on the phenotype of muscular legs. If an antelope had the muscular leg genotype but for some reason it was not being expressed (maybe another gene is interfering with it), then the antelope would not have a selective advantage, and natural selection could not be act on the trait.
11. A trait that better suits an organism to its environment will be selected for by natural selection. This is because that organism is more likely to survive due to the trait, giving it a selective advantage. Therefore, if a mutation arose making the giraffe more adapted to the environment, it would be positively selected for, and through evolution would become more common.
12. This is an example of selective breeding, which has been happening for generations. Farmers spot desirable traits, and cross horses with these traits in an attempt to enhance the trait or to ensure it is passed on to the next generation. This is not natural selection, because farmers are making it happen artificially. It is not cloning or recombinant DNA, which are terms scientists use for actually manipulating the DNA in the lab.
B- Reproducing more often. If the environment is not right for them then reproduction doesn’t help them adapt. They respond by changing behavior, moving to another area, and even modifying their physical bodies (diets included).
Answer:
Dead plant matter
Explanation:
Saprotrophs feed by a process known as absorptive nutrition, in which the nutritional substrate (e.g., dead organism or other nonliving organic matter) is directly digested by a variety of enzymes that are excreted by the saprotroph.
The reason for the loss of color after the industrial revolution is that the light-colored moths were "selected against" by predators. These birds could only see the light ones against the newly dark, sooted background. Over time, these predators could no longer distinguish the dark ones from their natural dark, sooted background. Thus more light-colored moths stood out against the dark soot, and were eaten. And more dark-colored moths eluded the birds, survived to reproduce, passing on more of their dominant genes for dark color to their offspring. After several decades of hundreds of thousands of generations, most of the later generations were dark, due to selective advantage of camouflage to survive predation.
Answer:
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Explanation:
