Which of these is not a basic need of all organisms?

The Maine Department of Transportation (DOT) has a fleet of roughly 400 plow trucks that are used to control snow and ice on app

Free_Kalibri [48]

Answer:

it is 736

Explanation:

me big brain

7 0

2 years ago

When doing medical research with human subjects,which four limitaions are unavoidable

Illusion [34]

Answer:

There are ethical or privacy concerns to consider.

Explanation:

Human subject research is a systematic, scientific investigation that can be either interventional, a trial research or observational (test).

It is necessary to follow the Nuremberg code (1948) and have a voluntary informed consent, the research should be based on previous good results, on prior research, physical or psychological injury and harm should be avoided, benefits should outweigh risks, proper experience of a researcher is needed, right to withdraw consent, and research must stop if harm is arising.

In 1964, a guideline for medical doctors in biomedical research has been established by WMA (The World Medical Association). Helsinki declaration stated the ethical principles involving human subjects that was adopted.

In, 1982 International Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects by the World Health Organization (WHO) and Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS) has been established.

According to Guidelines (2002) ethical justification and scientific validity of research, ethical review, informed consent, vulnerability ¬ of individuals, groups, communities and populations, women as research subjects, equity regarding burdens and benefits, choice of control in clinical trials, confidentiality, compensation for injury, strengthening of national or local capacity for ethical review, and obligations of sponsors to provide health-care services are outlined.

There are 4 most important principles of ethics such as autonomy, beneficence, non-malfeasance and justice.

Ethical Review Board (ERB) is a committee that has been formally designated to approve, monitor, and review biomedical and behavioural research involving humans. It aims to protect the rights and welfare of the research subjects. The ERB must have at least five members. The members must have enough experience, expertise, and diversity. If the ERB works with studies that include vulnerable populations, the ERB should have members who are familiar with these groups. The ERB must include at least one person who is not affiliated with the institution or in the immediate family of a person affiliated with the institution. ERB members may not vote on their projects. The ERB may include consultants in their discussions to meet requirements for expertise or diversity, but only actual ERB members may vote.

4 0

3 years ago

The following F2 results occur from a dihybrid cross (AaBb x AaBb): purple: A_B_ 9/16 white: aaB_ 3/16 white: A_bb 3/16 white: a

e-lub [12.9K]

Answer:

b. 3 (whilte) : 1(purple)

Explanation:

The first dihybrid crossing is between AaBb x AaBb

Now, if the double heterozygous traits self crossed, we have the following gametes shown below for the F₂ crossing.

AaBb = (AB, Ab, aB, ab)

AB Ab aB ab

AB AABB AABb AaBB AaBb

Ab AABb AAbb AaBb Aabb

aB AaBB AaBb aaBB aaBb

ab AaBb Aabb aaBb aabb

We were being told that the results are;

purple: A_B_ 9/16

white: aaB_ 3/16

white: A_bb 3/16

white: aabb 1/16

From above, we can see that the same is true;

For Purple color; we Have (AABB and AaBb) since A is dominant to a and B is dominant to b.

∴ From the above punnet square; we have 9 purple colors which are:

(AABB, AABb, AaBB, AaBb, AABb, AaBb, AaBB, AaBb, AaBb) = 9/16

white: aaB_ ( since B is dominant to b, it can be either BB or Bb)

= (aaBB, aaBb, aaBb) = 3/16

white: A_bb ( since A is dominant to a, it can be either AA or Aa)

= (AAbb, Aabb, Aabb) = 3/16

white: aabb i.e homozygous recessive = (aabb) = 1/16

Furthermore, the question goes further by saying:

If a double heterozygote (AaBb) is crossed with a fully recessive organism (aabb), what phenotypic ratio is expected in the offspring?

If AaBb self crossed, we have: (AB, Ab, aB, ab)

If aabb self crossed, we have: (ab, ab, ab, ab)

AB Ab aB ab

ab AaBb Aabb aaBb aabb

AaBb ( purple)

= 4/16

= 1/4

= 0.25

= 25%

Aabb (white)

= 4/16

= 1/4

= 0.25

= 25%

aaBb (white)

= 4/16

= 1/4

= 0.25

= 25%

aabb (white)

= 4/16

= 1/4

= 0.25

= 25%

Now the proportion of white to purple = (25%+25%+25%): 25%

= 75%:25%

= 3(white):1(purple)

We can therefore conclude that the expected phenotypic ratio in the cross between a double heterozygote (AaBb) with a fully recessive organism (aabb) yeids;

3 (whilte) : 1(purple)

8 0

3 years ago

Describe the uses of model organisms

Arlecino [84]

A model organisms is a species that has been widely studied, usually because it is easy to maintain and breed in a laboratory setting and has particular experimental advantages. model organisms are non-human species that are used in the laboratory to help scientists understand biological processes.

(
First part is explaining second part is explaining the uses)

3 0

3 years ago

What is true of matter in ecosystems?

Sidana [21]

D.Elements continuously cycle between the physical environment and living organisms.

Ecosystem is encompassing all the life on earth in the physical environment that supports it. An ecosystem involves both the biological (plants, animals, human beings) and non-biological (land, water, soil, and atmosphere) community which interacts as a system. More importantly, the living things are very dependent on the abiotic community since it cannot survive by itself. Every animal, plant and human needs the primary physiological needs of water, food and shelter provided by the abiotic system. <span> </span>

4 0

3 years ago