The Great Schism was between the Roman Catholic Church and the Greek Orthodox Church.
The Great Schism refers to a conflictive religious event that occurred in 1054. In this conflict there was a mutual rupture and excommunication between the highest hierarch of the Catholic Church in Rome, the Pope or Bishop of Rome (together with the Christianity of Occident), and the ecclesiastical hierarchies of the Orthodox Church (together with the Christianity of the East) especially the principal of them, the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople.
The artist who drew the political cartoon of the Brooks-Sumner Affair, supported Sumner in his fight for anti-slavery. The incident between Brooks and Sumner happened during a two day-speech delivered by the latter against slavery. It was in 1856 that a senator from South Carolina named Preston Brooks attacked Massachussetts congressman known as Charles Sumner. The attacked was provoked by the anti-slavery speech delivered by the Congressman that angered Brooks. Brooks' cane in the incident has been broken while Sumner suffered serious illness due to the beating.
They knew the Greek idea of direct democracy. While they didn't necessarily apply the idea in their political system directly, they did apply some ideas that were shared with the Greeks that made the Roman political system more stable and better in the end.
They are known as the aztecs.
