Vestigial structures<span> are often homologous to </span>structures<span> that are functioning normally in other species</span>
They all breathe oxygen
Their body is full of water
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Answer:
A- A pH change can cause the enzyme to change its shape
Explanation:
A rise or fall in the pH of the medium from the optimum of pH 7 usually affect the enzymes' active sites of and therefore the shape and the rate of enzyme activity.
Assuming the pH is too low, the enzyme medium becomes acidic;Acidosis. The high Hydrogen ions concentration interacts with the R-groups of the amino acids moiety of the enzymes, this interaction affects the ionization of the R-groups, disrupting the ionic bonding holding these R-groups in shape.
This results in loss of the 3-Dimensional shape arrangements of the protein molecule and therefore of the active sites. Since active sites of enzymes determines the specificity of the <u>enzymes substrate- complex </u> to give <u>enzyme-product complex,</u> the catalytic activity of the enzymes decreases, <u>the rate of reaction decreases,and products formation stops, and the reaction also stops.</u>
The same is applicable to extremely high pH=Alkalosis.
However, the effective buffer system of the body prevents this scenarios from happening in real sense in the body. Through mopping by the haemoglobin, excretion by the kidney, etc
<span>A sequence of organisms through which energy is transferred, beginning with the primary producer, is a "Food Chain"
Hope this helps!</span>
1. 6CO2 + H2O -----> C6H12O6 + 02
2. The idea of photosynthesis or light dependent reactions is to convert solar/light energy into chemical energy by the form of ATP and NADPH. CO2 and Water are consumed and react to release Glucose and 02. Approximately 36-38 ATP produced.
3. Water is the source of hydrogen atoms in the glucose (sugar) created by the photosynthesis reaction.
4 .
Step 1) The light absorbed by chlorophyll causes a transfer of electrons and H+ from H20 molecules already present. This causes the H20 to split into molecular 0xygen (02) and a H+ ion.
Step 2.) The O2 is released (we breathe it) and the H+ bonds to NADP+ creating NADPH
Step 3) ATP is formed through photophosphorylation. (ADP gets a phosphate group added to it creating ATP)
Step 4.) The NADPH and the ATP created here go on to fuel the reactions in the second part of photosynthesis - The Calvin Cycle
5. The Calvin cycle is a metabolic process that uses the carbon from carbon dioxide, along with energy in the form of ATP, to produce sugar.
A G3P molecule contains three fixed carbon atoms, so it takes two G3Ps to build a six-carbon glucose molecule. It would take six turns of the cycle.
6. To help synthesize carbohydrates for energy
7. In fixation, the first stage of the Calvin cycle, light-independent reactions are initiated; CO2 is fixed from an inorganic to an organic molecule. In the second stage, ATP and NADPH are used to reduce 3-PGA into G3P; then ATP and NADPH are converted to ADP and NADP +, respectively
