b cells are white blood cells that work by ___________________, whereas t cells attacks foreign invaders _________________

From a chemical view, how is an amino acid is being recognized by its specific aminoacyl tRNA synthetase?

hammer [34]

During translation, rRNA and tRNA read mRNA in 5´ to 3´ direction. According to the codons being readen, tRNA transfers the correct amino acids to build the polypeptide chain. A codon is a short sequence of three nucleotides that store the genetic information for the aminoacids´ assembly.

Each tRNA has two important sites. One of them that couples with the codon of the mRNA molecule, named anticodon. The other site couples with an amino acid through the action of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthase enzyme. The whole complex, amino acid + enzyme + tRNA is named aminoacyl-tRNA.

Each tRNA is recognized by a specific aminoacyl-tRNA synthase enzyme. The enzyme is also capable of recognizing a specific amino acid. Let us say, for instance, that tRNA is specific for phenylalanine. The molecule is attached to the enzyme that is specific for that tRNA(Phe). Then, when the enzyme and tRNA(Phe) are together, they get to find phenylalanine. The enzyme links the aminoacid to the RNA. Once the whole complex is formed, the tRNA gets to pair its anticodon with the mRNA codon. This is,

Recognition of enzyme and the specific tRNA(aa) ⇒ aa being aminoacid
Recognition of enzyme and the specific aminoacid
Linkage of the aminoacid to RNA by the enzyme action
Pairing of tRNA anticodon to mRNA codon.

Considering that there are twenty amino acids available, there are also twenty complexes of aminoacyl-tRNA, one for each amino acid. Each of the mRNA codons represents one of the 20 amino acids used to build the protein. Each amino acid can be codified by more than one codon. Of the total 64 codons, 61 codify amino acids, and one is a start codon. The left three codons are stopping translation points.

tRNA decodes genetic information from the nucleotidic sequence in the mRNA molecule and allows amino acids to align composing the new protein.

Once the new peptidic link joins, placing together the new amino acid to the growing peptidic chain, the binding between the amino acid and the tRNA molecule breaks. The tRNA is now free to join another amino acid and repeat the cycle.

In conclusion, a specific aminoacyl-tRNA synthase enzyme recognizes a tRNA, which is also specific for a certain amino acid. When together, the enzyme recognizes the amino acid and links it to the RNA. The whole complex is known as aminoacyl-tRNA. Once the tRNA is joined to its amino acid, it gets to pair a codon of mRNA to add that amino acid to the new synthesizing protein.

6 0

2 years ago

What are the effects of a change in protein? there is 3

Ksivusya [100]

Generally, mutations result in reduced protein function or no protein function. A mutation with reduced function is called a leaky mutation because some of the wild-type function “leaks” through into the phenotype. A mutation that results in no protein function is called a null mutation

4 0

2 years ago

Which of the 8 characteristics of life is the cell exhibiting in this animation?

galina1969 [7]

Answer:

These characteristics are cellular organization , reproduction , metabolism , homeostasis , heredity , response to stimuli , growth and development, and adaptation through evolution.

Explanation:

5 0

3 years ago

Which of the following statements BEST describes the importance of carbon in the cell

SVEN [57.7K]

I would say that answer choice C is the best out of this selection. Carbon is the main element in organic compounds, and organic compounds just so happen to make up the cells that carry out life processes for all living things. Hope this helps.

5 0

3 years ago

Read 2 more answers

If a mutation occurs such that photosystem ii no longer functions as efficiently as it should, what might be most directly affec

ivolga24 [154]

Out of the following given choices;

a) The amount of oxygen produced

b) The rate of ATP synthesis by ATP synthase in the chloroplast

c) The rate at which NADPH is produced

d) The rate at which the protons are transported into the thylakoid

The answer is; A

The photosystem captures energy from sunlight and uses it to split a water molecule. After splitting the water molecule (by taking an electron), the protein complex transports the electron to plastoquinone. The splitting of water molecules results in evolving of oxygen molecules. The hydrogen is what is used to reduce carbon dioxide to glucose.

5 0

3 years ago

Read 2 more answers

b cells are white blood cells that work by ___________________, whereas t cells attacks foreign invaders __________________.

b cells are white blood cells that work by _, whereas t cells attacks foreign invaders .