Improved efficiency.
A study shows that downsizing lowered customer satisfaction -
Another study shows that downsizing increased efficiency, but nothing of employee productivity.
Answer:
The three primary sources of authority that tax professionals should check against the citator before relying on those sources for important matters are;
1. Revenue procedures
2. Revenue rulings
3. Judicial decisions
Explanation:
A citator can be defined as an index of legal resources that allows the researcher to find newer documents of the original document and thus the history of statues and cases can be reconstructed. This has been collectively termed as shepardizing. There are different kinds of citators depending on the type of case one is handling. In our case, we are dealing with tax professionals. Tax professionals deal with three primary sources of authority that tax professionals should check against the citator before relying on those sources for important matters. These primary sources are; revenue procedures, revenue rulings and judicial decisions. They are further elaborated below;
1. Revenue procedures
A revenue procedure is a set of guide that give direction on how to apply law, regulations and rulings. They majorly give direction on matters involving tax.
2. Revenue rulings
A revenue ruling is an order directly from the Internal Revenue Services (IRS) that has the full backing of the law and therefor enforceable. Such rulings on revenue, give direction on how the IRS understands the tax laws. Since the IRS is an authority constituted by top-level tax professionals, a revenue ruling can be used by other tax professionals to cite cases of similar nature.
3. Judicial decisions
Judicial decisions is a statement of advice written by a judge or a panel of judges that serves as a guide in solving a legal dispute. They involve a written legal opinion that tends to justify how and why they arrived to that conclusion to solve the dispute. The same thinking can be used by other professionals in other disputes of a similar nature to solve them.
Answer and Explanation:
The classification is as follows
For case 1
It is a growing start-up company (S) with the following reasons
a. The cash flow from operating activities is very less as compared to the financing and investing activities
b. It is a start company so in this case the financing and investing activities are more
c. Moreover, the beginning cash balance is also less
For case 2
It is an established company facing financial difficulties (F) with the following reasons
a. The operating activity is in a negative amount
b. It is an established company so it facing a lot of difficulties
c. Net cash flow is also in negative
For case 3
It is a healthy established company (E) with the following reasons
a. The operating activity is in a positive amount
b. Since it is a healthy established company so it shows the positive net cash flow and strong cash position
Answer:
B) dividing the change in total cost by the change in output
Explanation:
Marginal cost(MC) is the cost incurred as a result of producing additional units of goods and services. It is calculated by dividing a change in total cost by a change in output.
That is,
Marginal cost(MC)= change in total cost(TC)/ change in output
Total cost(TC): This is the addition of fixed and variable cost in production.
Total cost(TC)= fixed cost (FC)+variable cost (VC)
Fixed cost (FC) are cost that doesn't change during the production process such as buildings, machineries and furniture.
Variable cost (VC) are cost that changes or are used up during production process such as raw materials.
Answer:
$574.71 billion.
Explanation:
The formula for calculating amount of deposits is as follows:
where,
D = Deposits
rr = required reserve rate
ER/D = excess reserve rate
C/D = non-bank currency to deposits
D = 574.712644
D = 574.71
Therefore, the amount of deposits is $574.71 billion.
