The extermination of the dinosaurs, the start of a rise to dominance of mammals and a meteorite effect in mexico marks the boundary among the mesozoic and the cenozoic or as named as the k-p boundary. In addition, the cretaceous paleogene (K–Pg) boundary which is previously recognized as the cretaceous tertiary (K–T) boundary is a geological signature typically a thin band of rock.
Answer:
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Explanation:
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the inhibitory neurotransmitter found in the central nervous system of mammals, especially humans, which is responsible for the regulation of communication between the brain cells, and also implicated in the slowing down of signals as neuronal impulses is reduced when it is activated. This is mostly responsible for the extreme uninhibited behaviors often associated with large alcohol consumption.
Answer:
The best answer to the question: If every gene has a tissue-specific and signal-dependent transcription pattern, how can such a small number of transcriptional regulatory proteins generate a much larger set of transcriptional patterns? Would be:
Because transcriptional regulators, which are the ones responsible for initiating, and stopping, transcription of RNA into protein, often work in pairs, one goes with the other, and thus increase the regulatory capabilities over gene expression so that the genes translated into RNA and then transcribed into aminoacids in protein chains, actually code for the correct protein types.
These regulators will both stand, as appropriate, on a specific gene to promote its transcription, or prevent it, depending on the different signaling mechanisms received.
Extremes in temperature, pressure, and chemicals associated with injury are detected by specialized peripheral sensory neurons known as nociceptors, who then translate these stimuli into long-range electrical signals that are transmitted to higher brain centers. This alerts us to potentially harmful stimuli at the skin. A wide range of pain characteristics are produced by the activation of functionally different cutaneous nociceptor populations and the processing of the information they relay. Current research in this area is giving scientists a deeper understanding of the molecular and systems levels of nociceptor cell biology as well as knowledge that will enable the focused design of innovative pain treatments.
<h3>What is Chemical composition sense ?</h3>
Chemical senses (sometimes called chemical sensors) are sensory organs and neurological systems that are used to detect molecules in the environment or biological signals and to process those molecules neurally
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(1), (2), (4) either require two parents (which would not produce identical offspring to either parents but similar and different to either one in number respects) or there could be mutations / different alleles chosen for the cell division, so I think the answer would be (3) cloning.
