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Nonvirulent bacteria can still be transformed into virulent bacteria if it is combined with debris from heat-killed virulent bacteria that is first treated with RNase, protease, or no enzyme because these are important factors for the establishment of virulence and are often required when bacteria modify their genetic record in response to the conflicting or adverse situations.
Answer:
Differences in the concentrations of ions on opposite sides of a cellular membrane lead to a voltage called the membrane potential. Typical values of membrane potential are in the range –40 mV to –70 mV. ... These concentration gradients provide the potential energy to drive the formation of the membrane potential.
Explanation:
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Smoking is bad perharps, but it can cause a big effect on lung growth. Which can lead to respiratory problems and infections, shortness of breath and can cause a big effect when playing any type of sports. hope this helps.
Answer:
The electrical impulse travels from the sinus node to the atrioventricular node (also called AV node). There, impulses are slowed down for a very short period, then continue down the conduction pathway via the bundle of His into the ventricles.