The federal government was too weak, and couldn't enforce their laws. They had borrowed money for the Revolutionary War and couldn't pay their debt. They also lacked the power to tax.
Therefore, the answer would be the first one.
New imperialism was focused on trade, land acquisition, and conversion (faith, language, etc.) of the african subcontinent
The Marshall Plan could be understood as part of an American desire to stop the spread of communism.
After World War II, the US was worried about the growing size/influence of the Soviet Union and their communist system. Their main concern was that this system would spread to European countries and eventually the Soviet Union and their communist ideas would infiltrate the US.
To ensure that this did not happen, the US gave $13 billion worth of economic aid to European countries that were greatly affected by World War II. This included countries like Great Britain and France. This assistance would make sure that these countries did not fall under the control of the Soviet Union.
The Atlantic revolutions were a revolutionary cycle at the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th. It was associated with the Atlantic world between the 1770s and 1820s. It shook America and Europe, including the United States (1775-1783), France and Europe controlled by France (1789-1814), Haiti (1791-1804), Ireland (1798) and Latin America (1810-1825) There were smaller uprisings in Switzerland, Russia and Brazil. The revolutionaries of each country knew of others and to a certain degree inspired or emulated them.
The movements of independence in the New World began with the American Revolution, 1775-1783, in which France, the Netherlands and Spain helped the new United States of America, since it secured the independence of Great Britain. In the 1790s, the Haitian Revolution broke out. With Spain tied down in European wars, the Spanish colonies of the continent secured independence around 1820.
In a long-term perspective, the revolutions were mostly successful. They widely spread the ideals of republicanism, the overthrow of aristocracies, established kings and churches, and emphasized the universal ideals of the Enlightenment, such as the equality of all men, including equality of justice under the law by impartial courts, in contrast to the particular justice dictated at the whim of a local nobleman. They showed that the modern notion of revolution, of starting anew with a radically new government, could really work in practice. Revolutionary mentalities were born and continue to flourish to this day.
