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DNA polymerase is an enzyme that helps in the synthesis of new strands of DNA. It is found in both prokaryote and eukaryotes. In prokaryotes, there are 3 types of DNA polymerase and more DNA polymerase found in eukaryotes.
The 3 types of DNA polymerase are DNA polymerase I, DNA polymerase II, DNA polymerase III. The DNA pol I and DNA pol II helps in DNA repair rather than DNA replication. The DNA pol III is the major enzyme that initiates the replication.
DNA polymerase III is a multisubunit enzyme that functions as a dimer of these multiple subunits. The DNA polymerase enzyme has 3 significant enzymatic activities -
All DNA polymerase direct the synthesis of DNA from 3' to 5' end.
It possesses 3' to 5' exonuclease activity. It also helps in proofreading activity by replacing the incorrect nucleotides with the correct base sequence.
Some DNA polymerase has a 5' to 3' exonuclease activity. It is found in the lagging strand.
DNA polymerase is not able to initiate DNA synthesis alone. They need a free 3' end, where the enzyme can add new nucleotides. It means they require 2 primers to initiate the DNA replication in both the direction.
The strands act as complementary to the DNA polymerase. The DNA polymerase adds new strands continuously in 5' to 3' direction in the leading strand. While in lagging strand short fragments of DNA formed. Later they attached by DNA ligase.
DNA polymerase also needs RNA polymerase in some cases to start replication. Such a process is called reverse transcription.
A high biodiversity tally may indicate that some of its organisms may be able to survive drastic environmental changes. If there weren't at least a few organisms that contribute to biodiversity, most of the biotic Earth would be gone by now.
For example, woolly mammoths were unable to adapt to the up-and-coming warmth of the poles. Because they lacked biodiversity among their species, all of them died out and weren't able to adapt to the heat.
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They survive without water by entering a special mode, otherwise called as shriveling. They can lose even 95% of water in their body and still live, even though they would look like dead plants, they would actually be alive. In the absence of water, tardigrades use a sugar called trehalose, which becomes their source of life until they find some water.
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lll only is wrong even though this is not the correct answer hope it helps
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