Answer:
D. Predator-prey!
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1. Explain why the distribution of fossils in Figure 1 supports the hypothesis that the extinction of these species was the result of a sudden environmental change.
This hypothesis can be supported because all the fossils accumulate almost at the same age of the rock layer. That is, all the fossils died almost at the same time.
2. Describe an environmental change that could have produced this type of fossil distribution.
Good examples of sudden environmental changes are volcanoes. When a rash occurs, the whole environment suddenly changes for different reasons such as ash or lava, and all living things can die immediately or in a few years by the change in the ecosystem.
3. Explain why the distribution of fossils in Figure 2 supports the hypothesis that the extinction of these species was the result of a gradual environmental change.
This is because the fossils accumulate at different ages of the rock layer, that means, the species dying over time. The gradual descent of the fossils is observed.
4. Describe an environmental change that could produce this type of fossil distribution.
For example, if a climate change occurs - the temperature increases or decreases - it can cause the trees or plants to die and all the animals in the ecosystem also die when they have no food. But this process is sequential, so the change can take years, centuries or even millions of years.
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Because most cigar and pipe smokers do not<u> </u><u>inhale the smoke</u> , as a group they have a lower risk of cancer than cigarette smokers.
The cigarettes, cigars, and pipe tobacco are made out of dried tobacco leaves. The other substances are usually added for flavor and to make smoking more gratifying. The smoke from these products is a complex mixture of chemicals produced by flaring tobacco and its additives.
There are at least 70 known chemicals to cause cancer. These cancer-causing chemicals are referred to as carcinogens.
It is so because cigars and pipes are usually believed to be less harmful way than to smoke tobacco. It was once a trend to use cigars in the 1990s, luring/dragging the young and the old.
Most of the people think cigars are less harmful to their health, but they actually pose the same risk for oral cancer as cigarettes do. Many cigar smokers don't inhale the smoke, but still the risk for oral, throat, and esophageal cancer is alike as for cigarette smokers.
To learn more about carcinogens here
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Explanation:
Hydrogen atoms contain 1 proton and 1 electron while being devoid of neutrons. When they lose their electron they form an ion or H+, a particle carrying a unit of positive charge. pH measures how basic or acidic a water-based solutions are, with a formula for pH is
pH = -log[H+].
...where pH is -base 10 log of the concentration of hydrogen ions within the solution.
Initial volume= 20 mL
Final volume= 600 mL
# of dilutions= = 30
for a pH 2= [H+]=
∴ [H+]=
and pH is an antilog of [H+]= - log
∴pH = 3.47
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