It did not establish judicial review. Judicial review had been used in state courts and lower federal courts prior to Marbury, and ruled a number of times that some laws were unconstitutional. In fact, even the Supreme Court used judicial review before Marbury to decide that a carriage tax was constitutional (Hylton v. United States).
However, Marbury was the first case that the Supreme Court used to rule a law unconstitutional. They declared that a part of the Judiciary Act of 1789 which gave the US Supreme Court court original jurisdiction over writs of mandamus. The Court ruled that Congress does not have the authority to modify the Supreme Court's original jurisdiction, therefore, it was unconstitutional.
<span>In a way, by doing so, the Supreme Court actually took away some of it's power that Congress had granted it because the Constitution did not grant Congress that power.</span>
Much of what I know of Adams's views on the French Revolution as it was happening is in reading parts of his letters to Thomas Jefferson as they appear in the book John Adams, by David McCollough. Adams was not against the revolution so much as he was against the extreme violence and methods that he pretty much equated as indiscriminate murder. He differed with Jefferson in this, as Jefferson held that the executions of the aristocracy and heads of institutions that supported them were necessary and signaled to the world there was no going back. Both Adams and Jefferson lost French friends to the revolution. Adams was of the opinion that the FR was resulting in replacing the tyranny of the few with the tyranny of the majority and that the excesses of the committee would lead to catastrophy in the end. Consequently, Adams developed a less than cordial esteem for the the leaders, while retaining hope for the French people in general. He had no love for the French agents the committee sent to America to drum up popular support for France and against Great Britain. These people caused serious problems for Adams as president and contributed greatly to the split in friendship with Jefferson that lasted for years.
Answer:
a policy to stop the spread of communism was containment
Explanation:
It was "John Marshall" who established the role of the Supreme Court in judicial review, since he believed that this was a necessary measure in order to ensure a proper system of "checks and balances" in the federal government.
