Answer:
Anyone could say that literally all of those helped
The mountains that enclosed the North of Italy allowed Rome to prosper safely from threat of invasion from Northern Germanic and Gallic tribes
Plateaus for farm land which the Romans sure did like to grow a lot of grain
Plains for the same reason as city building farming and overall life.
Rivers helped one of the most helpful Roman innovations being the aqueduct
The desert did not really help Rome but Egypt did and Egypt is a desert
Explanation:
I don't know if your question is about Rome as just the city or Rome as the Roman Empire but hope this helps.
