The conduction of nerve impulses relies upon the movement of positively-charged ions across the nerve cell membrane. The entry of sodium into the cell produces a wave of positive charge that travels down the length of an axon. Then chemicals called neurotransmitters are secreted out of the end of the axon onto the next nerve in the series (the postsynpatic nerve). This narrow space in between neurons is called the synapse. These neurotransmiiters released by the presynaptic nerve bind to receptors on the postsynaptic nerve. The binding of these receptors opens up channels in this second nerve's membrane that allow sodium ions to enter the nerve cell and initiate another wave of positive charge, and so on... The nerve signal can only move as fast as these ions and neurotransmitters can diffuse to generate this process.
<span>As a professional athlete repeats a given activity many times over, the nerve cells "upregulate" their receptors, meaning that they produce additional receptors to put in the membrane. This is just a natural reaction to the nerve being repeatedly stimulated in the same way over and over. When neurotransmitter is secreted from the presynaptic neuron, there are more receptors on the postsynaptic neuron for it to bind, more channels open up, more ions enter in a shorter time and build up positive charge to create the impulse faster, and so the overall effect is faster. </span>
<span>Additionally, there are sheaths of fatty tissue (called myelin) that insulate the charge in the neuron and allow it to be conducted faster. As people age, these sheaths can start to degrade, making the nerve cell more "leaky" and causing the impulse to be conducted more slowly. </span>
1) pathogen
2) viruses
Some bacteria are not harmful to your body hence not all of them are pathogens
Answer:
Yes, I agree with the given statement.
Explanation:
Plants undergo the process of photosynthesis for the production of their food. In this process, they require the presence of sunlight, carbon dioxide, water, minerals, and chlorophyll. The process of photosynthesis is possible only during the day because sunlight is one of the major components. Carbon dioxide is taken in by the plant through the stomata from the environment. The oxygen is formed as a product of the process and is released in the environment. This process becomes impossible during the night because of the absence of sunlight. The entire process sums up to that the plants give out oxygen during the day and give out carbon dioxide during the night.
This process occurs from the nucleus of the cell to the cytoplasmic environment of the cell structure.
