If the sentences after the question are multiple-choice, I believe it is the second sentence (New information is discovered that contradicts the existing theory).
A technique used in determining the protein binding region in dna (e.g, binding region of RNA polymerase) is called DNA footprinting
One technique used to determine protein binding regions (eg, RNA polymerase binding regions) of DNA is called DNA footprinting. A DNA footprint shows where a protein binds to a DNA molecule. In this technique, a pure DNA fragment labeled with 32 P at one end is first isolated. A trace amount of DNA endonuclease is then added to the mixture of core protein and radiolabeled DNA. RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) harnesses the power of high-throughput sequencing methods to gain insight into the cellular transcriptome. Compared to previous Sanger sequencing and microarray-based methods, RNA-Seq offers much broader coverage and resolution of the dynamic nature of the transcriptome.
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