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3 years ago

Explain how this genetic mutation can lead to a change in the structure and function of the protein

Biology

1 answer:

Ksenya-84 [330]3 years ago

3 0

Answer:

A genetic mutation in DNA can lead to a change in the structure and function of the protein since this mutation passes through transcription to the mRNA —whose base sequence is altered— and in translation by the ribosomes, fewer or more or different amino acids are produced from this altered gene.

Explanation:

DNA is the nucleic acid that contains the genetic information of a living organism. When this molecule is affected by a mutation, the end result can be an alteration in the protein structure as well as in the protein function.

The molecular mutation consists of the change in the amount or sequence of bases that form the DNA. This alteration passes through mRNA transcription, with alteration in its normal nucleotide sequence. Since mRNA forms the codons that encode for amino acids, translation in the ribosomes produces

a protein that:

Can be longer, if the mutation is by insertion or duplication.
It can be shorter, if the mutation includes a deletion or encodes the early arrest of porein synthesis.
Alteration of the amino acid sequence, when it is a frame mutation.
Changes of an amino acid promoted by a subtitution of nitrogenous bases.

In any case, a mutation causes the RNA information to be altered, which can affect the protein structure, the protein function or both.

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Select ALL the correct answers.

tekilochka [14]

Answer:

(b) The interquartile range of B is greater than the interquartile range of A.

(d) The median of A is the same as the median of B.

Explanation:

Given

$A = \{1, 4, 2, 2, 3, 1, 1, 2, 1\}$

$10th\ run = 9$

So:

$B = \{1, 4, 2, 2, 3, 1, 1, 2, 1,9\}$

Required

Select all true statements

(a) & (d) Median Comparisons

$A = \{1, 4, 2, 2, 3, 1, 1, 2, 1\}$ $B = \{1, 4, 2, 2, 3, 1, 1, 2, 1,9\}$

$n = 9$ $n = 10$

Arrange the data:

$A = \{1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2,3, 4\}$ $B = \{1,1,1,1,2,2,2,3,4,9\}$

$Median = \frac{n + 1}{2}th$

$Median = \frac{9 + 1}{2}th$ $Median = \frac{10 + 1}{2}th$

$Median = \frac{10}{2}th$ $Median = \frac{11}{2}th$

$Median = 5th$ $Median = 5.5}th$ --- average of 5th and 6th

$Median = 2$ $Median = \frac{2+2}{2} = 2$

Option (d) is correct because both have a median of: 2

(b) & (c) Interquartile Range Comparisons

$A = \{1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2,3, 4\}$ $B = \{1,1,1,1,2,2,2,3,4,9\}$

$n = 9$ $n = 10$

First, calculate the lower quartile (Q1)

$Q_1 = \frac{n + 1}{4}th$ [Odd n] $Q_1 = \frac{n}{4}th$ [Even n]

$Q_1 = \frac{9 + 1}{4}th$ $Q_1 = \frac{10}{4}th$

$Q_1 = \frac{10}{4}th$ $Q_1 = 2.5$

$Q_1 = 2.5th$

This means that:

$Q_1 = 2nd + 0.5(3rd - 2nd)$ $Q_1 = 2nd + 0.5(3rd - 2nd)$

$Q_1 = 1 + 0.5(1- 1)$ $Q_1 = 1+ 0.5(1 - 1)$

$Q_1 = 1$ $Q_1 = 1$

Next, calculate the upper quartile (Q3)

$Q_3 = \frac{3}{4}(n + 1)th$ [Odd n] $Q_3 = \frac{3}{4}(n)th$ [Even n]

$Q_3 = \frac{3}{4}(9 + 1)th$ $Q_3 = \frac{30}{4}th$

$Q_3 = \frac{30}{4}th$ $Q_3 = 7.5th$

$Q_3 = 7.5th$

This means that:

$Q_3 = 7th + 0.5(8th- 7th)$ $Q_3 = 7th + 0.5(8th- 7th)$

$Q_3 = 2 + 0.5(3- 2)$ $Q_3 = 2+ 0.5(4 - 2)$

$Q_3 = 2.5$ $Q_3 = 3$

The interquartile range is $IQR = Q_3 - Q_1$

So, we have:

$IQR = 2.5 - 1$ $IQR = 3 - 1$

$IQR = 1.5$ $IQR =2$

(b) is true because B has a greater IQR than A

(e) This is false because some spread measures (which include quartiles and the interquartile range) changed when the 10th data is included.

The upper quartile and the interquartile range of A and B are not equal

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For the study of a particular drug, Marcus proposes an experiment with a particular population. Approximately 200,000 people in

Goshia [24]

The missing part of the question is as follows:

Phrase indicates a limit to the scientific accuracy of the experiment?

Answer:

The correct answer is - a sample size of 300 people.

Explanation:

In the given research Marcus developed a drug that is already 200,000 people taking the drug, and the scientist takes sample size of only 300 people for the experiment.

The sample is very small as compared to the total population who participated in the research. A sample size of 300 people is very small compared to 200,000 people. Such a small sample size will not give the proper idea and any effective result, there would be chances to miss some aspect or effect of the drug to be missed, so, this can be the limiting factor to the experiment.

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