A) Virus.
Viruses force host cells to produce thousands of copies of the virus by attaching to the the host cell and transmitting its genetic material into it
When the rate of repair lags behind the rate of mutation, the possible fate of the cell is that (A) The cell can be transformed into a cancerous cell.
Mutations are the changes in the sequence of genes. If the rate of repair lags behind, there is a major possibility that the cell can turn into a cancerous one. This is because mutations are a big reason for the appearance of cancer.
A cancerous cell is the one that proliferates at an excessive rate. The most important property of cancerous cell is of metastasis. It is the movement of the tumor into different parts of the body and infect the healthy cells of that area as well.
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Where air pollution is not especially severe, predators have much more impact on leaf-beetle populations than parasites do