Basale: it is the deepest stratum. It has one layer of cells called keratinocytes, which are stem cells for the epidermis.
Spinosum: The keratinocytes in this layer have spiny shapes. They synthesize cytokeratin and lipids. In this layer, we can also find macrophages.
Granulosum: The keratinocytes of the previous layer ascend and synthesize keratohyalin, which is in granules. The keratohyalin helps to join keratin filaments. Also, the cells release the lipids synthesized in the previous layer, and they form a barrier that stops dehydration.
Lucidum: it is only on thick skin, like the one in the sole of the feet. The keratinocytes in this layer have expelled the nucleus and now are dead cells. The keratinocytes have a flat shape and form a thin layer.
Corneum: it is the most superficial layer. It is made of dead keratinocytes filled with keratin in their cytoplasm. It is a thick layer that suffers desquamation when new dead cells filled with keratin ascend from the previous layer.
Basically, carrying capacity is how many organisms an ecosystem can support. Just remember that if an ecosystem exceeds its carrying capacity, organisms will begin dying until the population is below carrying capacity.
The correct option is D. Although both bacteria and amoeba are unicellular organisms, the bacteria is considered to be a prokaryote because it lacks a true nucleus and membrane bound organelles and amoeba is considered to be a eukaryote because, it has a true nucleus and well defined cell organelles.
