Answer: Small intestines
Explanation: Digestion of carbohydrates begins in the mouth mechanically and through salivary amylase. It passes down to the stomach by parastalsis, digested further and goes to the small intestines where their absorption begins. Carbohydrates are a source of glucose, that most organs use as their primary energy source. Indigestible carbohydrates and fibers travels down to the large intestines where they are digested by bacteria or eliminated as waste through the anus.
The small intestines consist of microvilli that increase surface area for maximum nutrient absorption. Carbohydrates are absorbed by the small intestines via the jejunum, taken to the blood stream then transported to the liver where glycolysis and most metabolic pathways take place, for energy production.
Answer:
A) air
Explanation:
air is a mixture of various gases ...
Answer:
All the given statements are correct except b.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) refers to the ability of a microorganism to grow in the presence of drug or a chemical that would normally limit its growth or kill it.
It makes it difficult for the existing drugs to eliminate the infection as they become less effective against the microbe.
There are five major mechanisms by which a microbe attains resistance against antimicrobial chemical or drug:
- Drug modification or inactivation: A microbial enzyme inactivates the antimicrobial agent. For example, few bacteria produce β-lactamases which provide multi-resistance against β-lactam antibiotics such as penicillin, cephalosporin etc.
- Alteration or modification of target site: An altered target site prevents the antimicrobial agent from binding to its target. For example, alteration of penicillin binding protein (PBP) in Methicillin-resistant <em>Staphylococcus aureus </em>(MRSA).
- Alteration of metabolic pathway: The microbe uses an alternative pathway to circumvent the blocked pathway. For example, sulfonamides-resistant bacteria started using preformed folic acid in place of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA).
- Decreased drug accumulation: Microbial efflux pumps remove the antimicrobial agent (before it could do any damage) by pumping it out of the cell.
- Decrease in cell permeability: The permeability of the microbial envelope to the antimicrobial agent is decreased
Transpiration is the process that releases water from living organisms into the atmosphere.
Hope that helps