Democrats are liberal and Republicans are Conservative. Hope this helps :)
He did that for his desire to abandon Rome, and to reject Catholic church's opposition to his proposed divorce from Catherine of Aragon.
He was a Federalist, Democratic-Republican, a National Republican, and then later part of the Whig Party.
Hope this helps.
Scientific Revolution came in when there are more people who are having discoveries, inventions and findings. It definitely gave the man another perspective of understanding occurrence and relationships among objects. Through Science people were able to determine that there are explanations behind everything.