Answer: (1) functional groups
Explanation:
Functional groups are specific group of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.
The compounds having similar molecular formula but different arrangement of atoms or groups in space are called isomers and the phenomenon is called as isomerism.
Butanal is and butanone is .
and are functional isomers which have same molecular formula , similar masses and same number of carbon atoms per molecule but different functional groups attached.
A reduced element (which gains electrons) and an oxidized element are required for redox reactions (gives electrons). It is not a redox reaction if we lack both of them (an element can not receive electrons if no element gives electrons and vice versa).
A reduced half and an oxidized half, which always occur together, make up redox processes. While the oxidized half experiences electron loss and an increase in oxidation number, the reduced half obtains electrons and the oxidation number declines. The mnemonic devices OIL RIG, which stand for "oxidation is loss" and "reduction is gain," are simple ways to memorize this. In a redox process, the total number of electrons stays constant. In the reduction half reaction, another species absorbs those that were released in the oxidation half reaction.
In a redox reaction, two species exchange electrons, and they are given unique names:
- The ion or molecule that accepts electrons is called the oxidizing agent - by accepting electrons it oxidizes other species.
- The ion or molecule that donates electrons is called the reducing agent - by giving electrons it reduces the other species.
Hence, what is oxidized is the reducing agent and what is reduced is the oxidizing agent.
<h3>
What is the purpose of oxidizing agents and reducing agents?</h3>
By reducing other compounds and shedding electrons, a reducing agent raises its oxidation state. An oxidizing agent gets electrons by oxidizing other compounds; as a result, its oxidation state lowers.
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What is a redox reaction?</h3>
Oxidation-reduction (or "redox") reactions are chemical processes in which electrons are exchanged between two substances. An oxidation-reduction reaction is any chemical process in which a molecule, atom, or ion alters the number of electrons it has, hence increasing or decreasing its oxidation state.
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In general, The more valence electrons a metal has, the stronger its metallic bonds will be because Boron is a metalloid and is ionically bonded.it is too electronegative to release its valence electrons for metallic bonding.As a result, their valence electrons feel a stronger pull from the nucleus (a greater effective nuclear charge) and are less easily released for metallic bonding.
D, C, A, B. therefore, option D plz mark me as brainliest
Based on the fgiven K_{a} values of the acids, the equilibrim concentrations of and is dtermined using ICE tables.
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What are acid dissociatio constants ?</h3>
An acid dissociation constant, of an acid is a measure of the strength of the acid in solution. The larger the value of an acid, the stronger the acid, therefore, acid dissociation constants are usually apply to only weak acids because strong acids have exceedingly large values.
It is written as a qoutient of the equilibrium concentrations of the aqueous species in the acid solution.
For the weak acids such as and , their equilibrim concentrations are determined using their values and an ICE table.
The pH of solutions are estimated using indicators such as methyl orange, methyl red and phenolphthalein. The colors of indicators change according to the pH of the solution
Acidic solutions have pH less than 7 while alkaline solutions have pH greater than 7.
Therefore, acids have low pH and weak acids have low values.
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