Answer:
Are transferred completely from the valence shell of an element to the other
Explanation:
Basically, to form a chemical bond, you either transfer or you share. When you share, it is a case of covalent bonding which can be in several other forms. When there is a transfer, it is a case of ionic bonding.
The basic explanation for this is that while some atoms are electronically sufficient, some are electronically deficient. This means while some atoms are having an excess number of electrons, then some are having less number of electrons.
To satisfy both parties, there must be a transfer if electrons between the two parties. While the one with the excess numbers serves as the donor, the one with insufficient number of electrons serve as the acceptor
Answer
Tectonic plates are parts of the earth's crust. There are cracks in these plates that allow magma to seep through and build-up which creates volcanic eruptions. Volcanos themselves are created by the earth's plates pushing against each other and slowly, over time, rising to create these large raises in the crust. Earthquakes are caused by these plates creating friction against one another until they forcefully overlap or rip apart, hence the shaking effect during an earthquake.
Covalent bonds are formed when electrons are shared between elements that are nonmetals. The ammonium ion, NH+4 , would have covalent bonds because both nitrogen and hydrogen are nonmetals. ... So, the bond between this particular hydrogen atom and the central nitrogen is a dative covalent bond.
The tiny holes in a sponges outer layer that take in water are called ostia, I believe. Hope it helps