Prokaryotic bacteria are surrounded by a cell membrane that contains the transport proteins to regulate the entry and exit of materials through the cell, the cell wall to help maintain cell shape and structure, and the capsule, which aids against drying out and protects bacteria from a host's immune system.
<h3><u>Explanation:</u></h3>
Bacteria are the prokaryotic organisms that are found in every part of Earth. These organisms do have an interesting ultrastructure. The coverings of the bacteria are three in layer. They are
A. The outer capsule.
B. The middle cell wall.
C. The inner cell membrane.
The capsule is the outermost covering of bacteria that is formed of different slimy materials. These materials contains hygroscopic substances which can absorb water from the surroundings even when the water concentration in outside is very very low. This layer of protection outside bacteria help them to protect themselves against drying out at dry conditions.
The middle cell wall is formed of polymers of N acetyl glucosamine and N acetyl muramic acid. This layer is chitin in nature and is strong enough to maintain the shape and size of bacteria irrespective of outer conditions.
The innermost layer of bacteria is cell membrane which is formed of proteins and lipids bilayer and this cell membrane contains different transport for proteins which help in transport of different substances like water and nutrients inside the cell by means of active transport or passive diffusion.
1 The Earth's Moon has considerably less mass than the Earth itself. Not only is the Moon smaller than the Earth but it is only about 60 percent as dense as Earth. Thus the gravitational attraction on the Moon is much less than it is here on Earth and a person weighs less on the Moon
2 The strength of the gravitational force between two objects depends on two factors mass and distance. the force of gravity the masses exert on each other. If one of the masses is doubled the force of gravity between the objects is doubled increases, the force of gravity decreases.
3 If the mass of one of the objects is doubled, then the force of gravity between them is doubled. If the separation distance between any two objects is tripled (increased by a factor of 3), then the force of gravitational attraction is decreased by a factor of 9 (3 raised to the second power).
4 idk about this one
Answer: The study of plant varieties.
Explanation:
This question relates to the studies that Gregor Mendel, founder of modern genetics, performed at the University of Vienna.
Experimenting on pea plants, Gregor Mendel was able to establish a lot of the rules of heredity that we know today even though his research was not fully appreciated or understood during his own life.
He credited the study of plant varieties to have been most crucial to his final analysis because farmers had been crossbreeding varieties for millennia to bring about better traits in plants.
