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3 years ago

Can someone help me with this problem thank you. Number 5

Mathematics

2 answers:

Troyanec [42]3 years ago

7 0

Width: 8
Perimeter: 30

Jet001 [13]3 years ago

6 0

Answer:8

Step-by-step explanation: 7x8=56

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Solve the initial value problem 2ty" + 10ty' + 8y = 0, for t > 0, y(1) = 1, y'(1) = 0.

Eva8 [605]

I think you meant to write

$2t^2y''+10ty'+8y=0$

which is an ODE of Cauchy-Euler type. Let $y=t^m$ . Then

$y'=mt^{m-1}$

$y''=m(m-1)t^{m-2}$

Substituting $y$ and its derivatives into the ODE gives

$2m(m-1)t^m+10mt^m+8t^m=0$

Divide through by $t^m$ , which we can do because $t\neq0$ :

$2m(m-1)+10m+8=2m^2+8m+8=2(m+2)^2=0\implies m=-2$

Since this root has multiplicity 2, we get the characteristic solution

$y_c=C_1t^{-2}+C_2t^{-2}\ln t$

If you're not sure where the logarithm comes from, scroll to the bottom for a bit more in-depth explanation.

With the given initial values, we find

$y(1)=1\implies1=C_1$

$y'(1)=0\implies0=-2C_1+C_2\implies C_2=2$

so that the particular solution is

$\boxed{y(t)=t^{-2}+2t^{-2}\ln t}$

# # #

Under the hood, we're actually substituting $t=e^u$ , so that $u=\ln t$ . When we do this, we need to account for the derivative of $y$ wrt the new variable $u$ . By the chain rule,

$\dfrac{\mathrm dy}{\mathrm dt}=\dfrac{\mathrm dy}{\mathrm du}\dfrac{\mathrm du}{\mathrm dt}=\dfrac1t\dfrac{\mathrm dy}{\mathrm du}$

Since $\frac{\mathrm dy}{\mathrm dt}$ is a function of $t$ , we can treat $\frac{\mathrm dy}{\mathrm du}$ in the same way, so denote this by $f(t)$ . By the quotient rule,

$\dfrac{\mathrm d^2y}{\mathrm dt^2}=\dfrac{\mathrm d}{\mathrm dt}\left[\dfrac ft\right]=\dfrac{t\frac{\mathrm df}{\mathrm dt}-f}{t^2}$

and by the chain rule,

$\dfrac{\mathrm df}{\mathrm dt}=\dfrac{\mathrm df}{\mathrm du}\dfrac{\mathrm du}{\mathrm dt}=\dfrac1t\dfrac{\mathrm df}{\mathrm du}$

where

$\dfrac{\mathrm df}{\mathrm du}=\dfrac{\mathrm d}{\mathrm du}\left[\dfrac{\mathrm dy}{\mathrm du}\right]=\dfrac{\mathrm d^2y}{\mathrm du^2}$

so that

$\dfrac{\mathrm d^2y}{\mathrm dt^2}=\dfrac{\frac{\mathrm d^2y}{\mathrm du^2}-\frac{\mathrm dy}{\mathrm du}}{t^2}=\dfrac1{t^2}\left(\dfrac{\mathrm d^2y}{\mathrm du^2}-\dfrac{\mathrm dy}{\mathrm du}\right)$

Plug all this into the original ODE to get a new one that is linear in $u$ with constant coefficients:

$2t^2\left(\dfrac{\frac{\mathrm d^2y}{\mathrm du^2}-\frac{\mathrm d y}{\mathrm du}}{t^2}\right)+10t\left(\dfrac{\frac{\mathrm dy}{\mathrm du}}t\right)+8y=0$