<span>a. dna molecules ...........................</span>
Interphase: Chromosomes duplicate, and the copies remain attached to each other.
Prophase: In the nucleus, chromosomes condense and become visible. Spindle fibers begin to form.
Prometaphase: The nulcear membrane breaks apart, and the spindle starts to interact with the chromosomes.
Metaphase: The copied chromosomes align in the middle of the spindle.
Anaphase: Chromosomes separate into two genetically identical groups and move to opposite ends of the spindle.
Telophase: Nuclear membranes form around each of the two sets of chromosomes, they begin to spread out, and the spindle begins to break down.
Cytokinesis: The two cells split into two daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
Answer:
if the lacI gene, in the genetically engineered fluorescent strain were non-mutant but the lacO sequence on the chromosome is mutated to lacOc then,
in the presence of the inducer, the cells fluorescence will show
yellow; red
in the absence of inducer, the cells fluorescence will show,
yellow; no fluorescence.
Explanation:
when lacO is mutated with lacOc then constitutive mutation happens which lets the system to be on.
The correct option are as follows:
cholera is a bacterial infection of the small intestine.
vaccination provides protection against cholera.
the cholera vaccine is made up of a weakened form of the bacteria that causes cholera.
the vaccine will stimulate production and elicit an immune response.
- If the infection occurs again, the body will produce an even greater attack on the bacteria because of acquired immunity.
- By injecting a heat-killed, weakened organism or its component (antigen) into the body, vaccination aids in the development of immunity. Memory cells and antibodies are produced as a result.
- Memory cells aid in the development of immunological memory, which helps the immune system to respond to microorganisms that the body has previously encountered with greater strength and efficiency during a secondary immune response.
- Memory B cells and memory T cells aid in the development of immunological memory.
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